Great Kazakh communicators
One such person was Abul Khair Khan. The period of Abul Khair Khan, a member of the Kazakh people historical memory to the age of chivalry steppe. The fate of the Kazakh khan can be considered in many ways typical of the steppe elite of his generation and, at the same time exceptional. Coming from a poor and obscure the Sultan's family, he was able in a short time to achieve social recognition and currently higher birth titula.V the personality, the general style of government and political activities of the steppe leader, military leader and ruler significantly traced similarities Abul Khair Khan with such famous personalities as Peter I, Napoleon, Bismarck, Atatyurak, managed cost rigid and extreme efforts to rally his people and send them to a civilized breakthrough in fundamental areas of life. His idea of Kazakhs coming under the protectorate of Russia appeared in the minds of Abul Khair Khan, as a consequence of a long and painful reflection on the future of the Kazakh people and steppe statehood. With military talent and skill, showing bravery in battle and bravery Abulhair acquired great fame in the Kazakh steppe. He was the lead organizer and the main character of the Kazakh people's resistance during zhongarskoy aggression. He conducted foreign policy, trying to neutralize or prevent possible attacks neighbors. At that time, he was active military actions not only against the Oirat, but also against their relatives Volga. The military successes earned him fame and glory also among the tribal aristocracy.
7.mass media in Britain-The media play a central role in Britain’s daily life, informing and educating, questioning and challenging – and of course – entertaining. In recent years the availability of more radio frequencies, together with satellite, cable and microwave transmissions, has already made a greater number of local, national and international services possible. The transition from analogue to digital transmission technology is now expanding this capacity enormously. The Internet is providing, increasingly, an additional medium for information, entertainment and communication. Television and RadioBroadcasting in Britain has traditionally been based on the principle that it is a public service accountable to people. While retaining the essential public service element, it now also embraces the principles of competition and choice:· the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), which broadcasts television and radio programmes;· the ITC (Independent Television Commission), which licenses and regulates commercial television services, including cable and satellite services.· the Radio Authority, which licenses and regulates commercial radio services, including cable and satellite.The three bodies work to broad requirements and objectives defined and endorsed by Parliament, but are otherwise independent in their daily conduct of business.Television viewing is by far Britain’s most popular leisure pastime: over 97 per cent of households have at least one TV set. British television productions are sold world – wide.The BBC provides two complementary national terrestrial television networks: BBC 1 and BBC 2, which transmit 24 hours a day. It also provides a range of digital channels, including BBC News 24 and BBC Choice. BBC Network Radio serves an audience of 29 each week, transmitting 24 hours a day on its five national networks. BBC has 39 local radio stations serving England and the Channel Islands, and regional and community radio services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. BBC World Service broadcasts by radio in English and 42 other languages world – wide. It has a global weekly audience of at least 140 million listeners. BBC Worldwide Television is responsible for the BBC’s commercial television activity. It is one of Europe’s largest exporters of television programmes. It also runs an advertiser – funded, 24 – hour international news and information channel; and an entertainment and drama channel broadcast to subscribers in continental Europe and Africa.The BBC’s domestic services arenfinanced predominantly from the sale of annual television licences; there are no paid advertisements. BBC World Service radio is funded by a government grant, while BBC Worldwide Television is self – financing. Independent TelevisionThe ITC licenses and regulates three commercial television services – Channel 3 and Channel 4 (in Wales the corresponding service is S4C), which complement each other, and Channel 5 – all financed by advertising and sponsorship. Channel 3 programmes are supplied by 15 regionally based licensees and an additional licensee providing a national breakfast – time service. Licences for Channel 3 and 5 are awarded for a ten – year period by competitive tender to the highest bidder who has passed a quality threshold.Independent Radio-Independent radio programme companies operate under licence to the Radio Authority and are financed mainly by advertising revenue. There are three independent national services: Classic FM, broadcasting mainly classical music; Virgin 1215, playing broad – based rock music; and Talk Radio UK, speech – based service. About 200 independent local radio services are also in operation. Stations supply local news and information, sport, music and other entertainment, education and consumer advice. Teletext, Cable and Satellite ServicesThe BBC and independent television both operate a Teletext service, under which information is displayed as “pages” of text and graphics on receivers equipped with the necessary decoders.Cable services are delivered through underground cables and are paid for subscription. Cable franchises have been granted covering areas comprising 83 per cent of all homes and nearly all urban areas in Britain. In mid – 1999 there were about 12.1 million homes able to receive such services, and 3 million subscribing homes. Digital technology is being introduced which will support up to 500 television channels. Cable also has the capacity for computer – based interactive services, such as home shopping and email.Many British – based satellite television channels have been set up to supply programmes to cable operators and viewers with satellite dishes. Some offer general entertainment, while others concentrate on specific areas of interest, such as sport, music, children’s programmes and feature films. The largest satellite programmer is BSkyB (British Sky Broadcasting) which, with around 7 million subscribers, dominates paid – for television in Britain. It launched its digital satellite service in 1998, carrying more than 140 channel.
9.Media literacy-Recently, in addition to the concepts of "information culture" and "information and communication competence" are widely used term "media education" and "media literacy".The term "media" (from the Latin. Media- means) is used as an analogue of the term "means of mass communication" (print, photography, radio, cinema, television, video, multimedia computer systems, the Internet).. Media education is seen as a process of development of the personality with the help and on the material of the mass media (the media) with a view to creating a culture of communication with the media, creativity, communication skills, critical thinking skills full perception, interpretation, analysis and evaluation of media texts, teaching different forms of self-expression with the help of media technologyMedia are powerful forces in the lives of youth. Music, TV, video games, magazines and other media all have a strong influence on how we see the world, an influence that often begins in infancy. To be engaged and critical media consumers, kids need to develop skills and habits of media literacy. These skills include being able to access media on a basic level, to analyze it in a critical way based on certain key concepts, to evaluate it based on that analysis and, finally, to produce media oneself. This process of learning media literacy skills is media education. Media education is associated with all types of media (print and graphics, sound, screen and so on. D.) And different technologies. It provides an understanding of the communication media used in society, acquire skills using these media to communicate with others, provides that people learn how to:- Analyze, critically reflect upon and create media texts;- Identify the sources of media texts, their political, social, commercial and cultural interests;- Interpret the messages and values offered by the media;- Select appropriate media for communicating their own messages or stories and for reaching their intended audience;- Receive free access to the media both for perception and for production.Media education can be divided into the following main areas:1. The media education of future professionals in the world of the press, radio, television, cinema, video and the Internet - journalists, editors, directors, producers, actors, operators, etc .;2. The media education as part of the general education of pupils and students enrolled in regular schools, vocational schools and universities, which for its part can be integrated with traditional disciplines or autonomous (special, optional, Kruzhkov, etc...);3. The media education in the process of training teachers of high schools and schools for courses in media culture;4. The media education in additional education establishments and leisure centers (cultural centers, centers of extracurricular activities, aesthetic and artistic education, in clubs on a residence, etc...);5. remote media education of children and adults through the press, television, radio, video, DVD, the Internet;6. independent continuous media education, which can be implemented throughout a person's life.