The Participle forms or Gerund and denote their function
Task 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Underline the predicate
And translate the sentences into your native language.
1. Nowadays science and technology ___________ ( become ) an integral part of
society that scientists can no longer isolate themselves from societal concerns.
2. A good scientist ________ ( know ) that he can make mistakes because he
________ (explore ) the unknown.
3. Plumbing __________ ( originate ) during the ancient civilizations such as
Roman, Persian, Indian, and Chinese civilizations as they__________ ( develop )
public baths and needed to provide fresh water and drainage.
4. Technology, throughout history, __________ ( allow ) people to complete more
tasks in less time and with less human intellectual or manual labour.
5. At yesterday’s lesson students ______________ ( discuss ) the benefits of modern
technological processes.
6. By the middle of the twenty-first century, the human population _______
_______ (double ) to around 11 billion people, and, to meet their basic needs, the
global economy ____________ ( need ) to be several times larger than it is now.
7. Nowadays the importance of interdisciplinary research _____________
(increase ).
8. At present the specialists of Research and Development department ________ (to
test ) a number of installations, they are sure that by the end of the year the factor
_______ ( introduce ) a new technological process.
Task 2. Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Translate the sentences into your
Native language.
1. Romans advanced stone masonry technology, road-building (exceeded only in
the 19th century), military and civil engineering.
2. Sometimes people reject new technological innovations.
3. Specialists design some technologies specifically with the environment in mind,
but very often they design technologies first for economic or ergonomic effects.
4. Many corporations will invest into new and innovative technology as one of the
most promising ways towards increasing labour efficiency and companies profits.
5. British built the first railways in the early 17th century, mainly for transporting
coal from the mine to the water side where it could be loaded onto a boat.
6. Each wave of technology can create a set of waste previously unknown by
humans: toxic waste, radioactive waste, electronic waste.
Task 3. Translate the sentences into your native language. Put questions to the
Underlined parts of the statements.
1. The more obvious technology effects include the depletion of non-renewable
natural resources (such as petroleum, coal, ores), and the added pollution of air,
water, and land.
2. As government provided much of the funding for technological research and
development, it had a vested interest in certain outcomes.
3. Since its creation the institute has been studying possible drawbacks of some new technologies.
4. At the moment they are relying heavily on technology to raise productivity.
5. New technologies have already penetrated almost every sphere of everyday life , producing sometimes radical social changes.
6. New communication technologies will provide us with the means to communicate and act, but more importantly, they will influence the way we construct the world around us.
Task 4. Translate the following sentences into your native language. Underline
the Participle forms or Gerund and denote their function.
1. Complex modern machines require libraries of written technical manuals of
collected information that is continually increasing and improving.
2. The developing world generally produces lower yields, having less access to the latest technology.
3. In one line of thought, technology develops autonomously, in other words, technology seems to feed on itself, moving forward with a force irresistible by humans.
4. Modern technology has benefited human beings by increasing production of goods and services, reducing the amount of labor needed to produce these goods and services, and providing higher living standards.
5. Organized research and development, becoming increasingly international in character, have greatly increased the production of new knowledge.
6. Reducing and preventing pollution is an important goal of the new field of industrial ecology.
7. The technological and managerial advances have allowed the manufacturing sector to increase steadily its productivity and its profit margins.
8. Technology is one of the principal driving forces of the future; it is transforming our lives and shaping our future at rates unprecedented in history.
Task 5. Using hints in brackets, complete the following sentences with modals (can, must, may, should ) or modal constructions (to be able to, to have to ) and underline them. Translate the sentences into your native language.
1. To achieve sustainable economic growth and to prevent pollution, we’ll _________ restructure many industrial and agricultural practices used today in energy and food production, transportation, and manufacturing. (obligation )
2. To stay profitable you ____________ use entirely new technologies. (recommendation )
3. We __________ to reduce total health care costs using many of the medical products generated by research and development. (managed )
4. Technology has had profound effects on lifestyle throughout human history, and as the rate of progress increases, society ___________ to deal with both the good and bad implications. (obligation )
5. Whilst most material waste _____________ be reused in other industrial processes, many forms are released into the environment, with negative environmental side effects, such as pollution and lack of sustainability. (possibility ) 6. They are not sure yet, but these new technological processes ___________ be very effective to the company’s production. (possibility )
7. Different social and political systems ___________ establish appropriate balances between the value they place on additional goods versus the disvalues of waste products and pollution . (obligation )
8. With the astonishing degree of specialization most scientists become experts in a very narrow field, and often _________ think in a broader context. ( lack of ability )