Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста
| Many business partners coordinate their efforts to make possible the delivery of goods. | ||
| Channels of marketing are of less importance and effectiveness in health care delivery. | |||
| Legislators are the only organizations that do not use the channels of marketing. | |||
| The only aim of marketing channels is to supply goods and services. |
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Marketing channels raise demand through the joint efforts of …
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| retailers, wholesalers and sales offices | ||
| hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies | |||
| legislators, educational administrators and insurance companies | |||
| retailers, insurance companies and legislators |
Ответьте на вопрос:
What does the structure of channel outlets consist of ?
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| It consists of establishments through which the goods are delivered to consumers. | ||
| It consists of a number of individual consumers and organized buyers. | |||
| It consists of a set of hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies, and drugstores. | |||
| It consists of legislators, educational administrators and insurance companies. |
Определите основную идею текста.
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| Marketing channel is a complex network of joined independent organizations with the purpose of delivering goods and services and increasing demand. | ||
| Marketing channels stimulate demand through the promotional activities of retailers, manufacturers' representatives, sales offices, and wholesalers. | |||
| Public and private goods could be available for consumption only through distribution through different marketing channels. | |||
| Legislators, educational administrators and insurance companies use the channels of marketing to distribute their products. |
Neoclassical Economics
1. The most remarkable feature of neoclassical economics is that it reduces many broad categories of market phenomena to considerations of individual choice and, in this way, suggests that the science of economics can be firmly grounded on the basic individual act of subjectively choosing among alternatives.
2. Neoclassical economics began with the so-called marginalist revolution in value theory that emerged toward the end of the nineteenth century. Strictly speaking, neoclassical economics is not a school of thought (in the sense of a well-defined group of economists following a single great master) but more a loose amalgam of subschools of thought, each revolving around such acknowledged masters as Alfred Marshall in England, Leon Walras in France, and Carl Menger in Austria.
3. In England there was established the Cambridge school – a variant of neoclassical economics that stressed continuity with the past achievements of the classical school. In France, the general equilibrium school was founded in 1874. This subschool investigated the mathematical conditions under which all markets could be in equilibrium simultaneously. The Austrian subschool focused on the essential problems of economic organization.
4. What these subschools have in common is the importance they attach to explaining the coordinating features of market processes in terms of plans and subjective evaluations carried out by individuals in the market subject to the constraints of technological knowledge, social custom and practice, and scarcity of resources.