Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим словам и выражениям из текста
- criminal offence
- civil wrong
- criminal proceeding
- civil proceeding
- prosecution
- defendant
- claimant
- criminal record
- to pay damages
- burden of proof
- standard of proof
- presumption of innocence
- to charge smb. with a criminal offence
- to prove the quilt “beyond reasonable doubt”
- to prove the case “on a balance of probabilities”
Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты.
- судебный запрет
- осудить
- оправдать
- признать виновным
- пожизненное заключение
- штраф
- подавать в суд, предъявлять иск
- решение в пользу истца
- доказывать вину
- доказывать невиновность
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
- Why do you think the distinction between civil law and criminal law is more important to practicing lawyers than the distinction between public and private law?
- What is the difference between criminal law and civil law?
- What happens to a defendant if he or she is found guilty?
- What happens to a defendant if he or she is found not guilty?
- What happens if the proceeding in a civil case results in judgement for the claimant?
- What does the presumption of innocence mean?
- What is the difference between “the burden of proof’ and “the standard of proof”?
- Why is the standard of proof higher in a criminal action than in a civil one?
- What does the principle “beyond reasonable doubt” mean?
- What does the principle “on a balance of probabilities” mean?
Определите, справедливы ли данные высказывания или нет. Исправьте неверные утверждения.
- Civil law concerns relationships between private persons and the state.
- A fine for a criminal offence is paid to a victim.
- If the defendant is convicted he’ll have a criminal record.
- The most severe punishment for criminal offences is life imprisonment.
- In civil cases a claimant prosecutes a defendant.
- It is the duty of the defense to prove that the defendant is innocent.
- In a civil case a claimant must prove the quilt of a defendant “beyond reasonable doubt”.
- A person can’t be sued and prosecuted for one and the same offence.
Дайте определения следующим понятиям из текста. Используйте выражения из рамки.
| a person who, the duty, a legal principle when, the standard of proof, the degree of proof, a branch of law |
| Criminal law Civil law Claimant Defendant Prosecution | Burden of proof Standard of proof Presumption of innocence Proof beyond reasonable doubt Proof on a balance of probabilities |
Заполните таблицу, используя информацию из текста.
| Civil procedure | Criminal procedure | |
| the name of the offence | criminal offence | |
| the defendant is | sued | |
| parties of the proceeding | ||
| the burden of proof is on | ||
| the standard of proof is | ||
| if the quilt is proven the defendant is found | ||
| the court decision is called | ||
| possible punishment |
Используя информацию из текста и таблицу из упражнения 7, сравните
- публичное и частное право
- уголовное и гражданское право Великобритании.
Используйте союзы while, whereas, but, and, both…and, neither…nor, etc.
Example: In criminal cases the burden of proof falls on the prosecution while in civil actions the burden of proof is on the claimant.
LANGUAGE IN USE
| Повторение лексики: damage vs. damages |
| В английском языке существует принципиальная разница между словами “damage” и “damages”. Слово “damage” переводится на русский язык как «вред, повреждение, ущерб», обычно наносимый лицу, собственности или репутации. Английское слово “damages” принято переводить на русский как «возмещение убытков». В данном случае подразумевается денежная компенсация, которая выплачивается потерпевшему лицу (обычно ответчиком по решению суда). NB: английским эквивалентом русскому словосочетанию “моральный ущерб” является “mental distress” или “emotional distress”. |
9. Заполните пропуски словами “damage” или “damages”.
- The factory in the area is doing irreparable ____________ to the environment.
- The hurricane caused great _____________ to the plants.
- The defendant got $2000 in _________________ .
- The victims of the crash were paid $1000 each in ______________ .
- Although the driver was found not guilty of the criminal offence, the victim of the road accident decided to claim _____________ .
- This incident caused great _______________ to her career and reputation.
- He brought an action for breach of contract against the insurance company, seeking ___________.
- Different strikes usually do serious ___________ to the economy.
- The court awarded the victim $1500 in _____________.
- He was ordered to pay __________ of $300.
10. Выпишите словосочетания со словами “damage” и “damages” и составьте свои собственные предложения.
| law in practice |
10. Ролевая игра. “Legal Expert”.
Вас приглашают принять участие в телевизионной программе “Legal Expert”. Организация игры:
- Выберите двух студентов, которые будут исполнять роль экспертов в области российского права и права Великобритании. Их задача – отвечать на вопросы аудитории.
- Выберите ведущего программы. Задача ведущего – объявить тему и представить гостей программы (экспертов), руководить ходом обсуждения, приглашая гостей задавать интересующие их вопросы.
- Остальные студенты исполняют роль гостей программы. Их задача – задавать экспертам вопросы, касающиеся системы права России и Великобритании. Каждый из гостей должен приготовить по 2-3 вопроса эксперту.
- После того как эксперты ответят на несколько вопросов, на роль экспертов и ведущего приглашаются другие студенты, и игра продолжается.
Some important tips to the experts:Don’t forget to thank the guest for the question. If you don’t know how to answer the question you may pass it to your colleague. If you see that your colleague needs help, don’t hesitate to interfere. If you have already answered this question or mentioned it in your previous answer politely explain it to the guest. If you don’t understand the question ask for clarification. You may need the following phrases:
- This is a very interesting question. I’m happy you’ve asked it.
- This is a very complicated question. I’m afraid I’m not an expert in this field.
- This is a very good question. Let me pass it to my colleague who is an expert in this sphere.
- May I come in here and explain/clarify some points?
- If I could interrupt you for a moment…I’d like to add that…
- I think I have already mentioned this point in my previous answer.
- If I understand you correctly you mean…?
Some important tips to the guests:Try to be polite. Always thank the expert for his/her answer. If you don’t understand the answer ask for clarification. You may need the following phrases:
- May I address a question to N?
- Could you please explain the difference between…?
- I wonder if you could explain to me…
- There is one question I’d like to ask…
- I’m afraid I didn’t get the last point. Could you go over it once again, please?
- I’m afraid it’s not clear enough. Could you explain it once again?