Exercise 3. Read the following word-combinations, translate them and pay attention to the
Possible use of keywords
Nervous:the nervous system, nervous stimulation, nervous impulses, nervous activities, nervous laughter, central nervous system depressants;
Sensory:sensory organs, sensory receptors, sensory nerves, sensory neurons, sensory stimulation, sensory function;
Matter :the white matter of the brain, the grey matter of the brain; subject matter, spirit, and matter, no matter
Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian
spinal cord, responsible for the control of the body, the central nervous system, the sensory nerves, to monitor conditions inside and outside of the body, inside the cranial cavity, the vertebral cavity of the spine, the white and grey matter, the wrinkled outer surface, the largest part of the brain, the cerebral cortex collecting information from sensory receptors
Grammar. Present Perfect
| They havejust finished their experiments. Вони щойно закінчили свої досліди. He has lost his dictionary. Він загубив свій словник. |
*Прислівники just, already, yet, а також ever, never у значенні неконкретного минулого, а також recently, in the last few days (weeks, years…), since часто використовуються у часі Present Perfect (теперішній доконаний)
Exercise 5. Translate. Pay attention to the use of the Present Perfect
1) He has just arrived. He was at the conference.
2) Have you ever spoken to practical psychologists? No, I haven’t.
3) I haven’t seen the professor since Monday.
4) Have you read“Interpretation of Dreams”? Yes, I have.
5) I’ve meta lot of interesting people in the last few days.
6) Professor N has already delivered a lecture on sensitive receptors.
7) Philosophers, physiologists, psychologists have discussed the brain and its functions since the ancient times.
Exercise 6. Read the text. Write out the keywords and word-combinations
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs to the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.
The brain and the spinal cord form the control center known as the central nervous system (CNS), where information is evaluated and decisions made.
The sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) monitor conditions inside and outside of the body and send this information to the CNS.
The brain, a soft, wrinkled organ, is located inside the cranial cavity. The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body. Its weight is about 1.5 kg.
The brain's nerve cells are known as neurons, which make up the organ's so-called "gray matter". The neurons transmit and gather electrochemical signals that are communicated via a network of millions of nerves. These are the brain's "white matter."
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, accounting for 85 percent of the organ's weight. The distinctive, deeply wrinkled outer surface is the cerebral cortex, which consists of gray matter. Beneath this the white matter lies. The cerebrum has two halves, or hemispheres. Experimental studies have determined that the motor cortex controlling many body movements becomes tired rapidly.
The approximately 100 billion neurons of the brain form the main control center of the body. Scientists have determined that each cell is connected to the other by nerve fibers. Numerous investigations have shown that nervous cells are the most delicate cells of the human body.
The spinal cord is a long, thin mass of neurons that carries information through the vertebral cavity of the spine. The spinal cord contains the white and grey matter.
Nerves act as information highways to carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.
The nervous system has 3 main functions: sensory, integration, and motorю