Ex. 3. Translate into Russian
1. I may tell him about it later. I haven’t decided it yet. 2. You may have made a mistake. 3. My mother might have given me the money! I needed it badly at that time. 4. He may have asked you about it. Maybe he will, who knows. 5. Sir! May I go home at bit earlier? My parents may be waiting for me. 6. We asked the teacher if we might use dictionaries. 7. Our teacher may come any moment. Let’s stop smoking.
Ex. 4. Make the necessary changes according to the model.
Model. Possibly you left your book behind. You may have left your book behind.
1. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus. 2. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait for us. 3. Perhaps it was Helen who rang you up. 4. Perhaps they came by plane. 5. Perhaps she had a very good English teacher. 6. Perhaps it was too cold for the children to go out. 7. It is possible that he took his children to the zoo. 8. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 9. Perhaps Robert used a dictionary. 10. Possibly Mary misunderstood you. 11. Perhaps Henry waited for us there. 12. Possibly Ann returned very late last night. 13. Possibly they have seen the new play. 14. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise book at home.
Ex. 5. Express ironical requests based on the following sentences. Use the Perfect Infinitive to refer the situation to the past and in this way express reproach.
Model: You do not remember your child’s birthday. You might remember your child’s birthday.
You did not switch off the lights before leaving. You might have switched off the lights before leaving.
1. You do not wear yow new suit to the office. 2. You did not sew the buttons on, Alice. 3. You did not even notice how well she played. You do not pay enough attention to your child. 4. Do come and help me choose it. 5. You did not try hard enough. 6. You did not get up a little earlier and help me to clean up after the party. 7. You never let me know when something like this happens. 8. You didn’t give a detailed account. 9. You did not meet her at the station.
Ex. 6. Use may or might perfect infinitive to express possibility, uncertainty in the past.
1. Может, Мери, уже приехала. Я позвоню. 2. Может, мама уже пришла, а ты все гуляешь. 3. Где же мой зонт? – Ты, наверное, оставила его в автобусе. 4. Где же Коля? – Он, наверное, остался ждать нас на остановке. 5. Кто звонил? – Не знаю. Возможно, это была Наташа. 6. Он, наверное, оставил книгу в школе и зря ищешь. 7. Ты не застал Нину дома? – Она, наверное, уже уехала. 8.Пойдем в кино? – Может быть, мы смотрели уже этот фильм. Однако, неважно, посмотрим еще раз. 9. Что же девочки не приходят на собрание? – Возможно, они приходили вчера. Они могли спутать дату. 10. Как удалось Кириллу сделать такой хороший перевод, хотела бы я знать? – Вероятнее всего, он все же принес словарь.
Ex. 7. Use the verb may to express uncertainty, supposition.
1. Возможно, я ошибаюсь, но мне кажется, что я вчера видел Марину. 2. Борис ушел, но возможно, что он еще вернется. 3. Ты знаешь, а "Спартак" может выиграть! 4. Скорее одевайся: брат может войти в любую минуту. 5. Возможно, тебе фильм понравится. 6. Вероятно, мы поедем на каникулы в деревню. 7. Возможно, этот лодырь все же выдержит экзамен. 8. Ты знаешь, а наша команда может проиграть. 9. Может пойти дождь. Возьми зонтик. 10. Пошли в кино? – Пошли. Давай позвоним Наташе. Она, может быть, тоже пойдет.
MUST
The modal verb "Must" is used in it's three important meanings
| Concrete | Imperative | Suppositional |
| · Immediate obligation or necessity, or an obligation referring to the future/in the affirmative sentences/. We must begin before 5p.m. He must move the furniture himself. | · Prohibition, negative commands/only in the negative sentences/. The little girl must nit go home alone. You must not do it! | · Probability, near certainty about the present and the past/only in statements He must be crazy. She must be so lonely! Did you always live with Bob? You must have led a quiet life! In these sentences "Must" has the same meaning as: Probably, Evidently. |
| · Obligation referring to the present or future in the reported speech He said we must invite her to dinner. | · Invitation. You must come and see me somehow! You must come and have dinner with us! | · If we use the perfect Progressive infinitive, it indicates the process in the past It must have been raining when you left. |
| · With the 2D person "You" "Must" expresses an obligation which has an effect as a command You must do as you are told! You must leave now. I want to sleep. |
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. Answer the following questions, using "must", mind the tense form of tlie infinitive.
M o d e l: Why didn't he come? (to be ill)
He must have been ill.
1. Why isn't he here? (to delay). 2. What would you say he is, judging by his appearance? (to be a painter). 3. How old was he when he set out on his first expedition to the North? (thirty). 4. Why are they never seen together now? (to quarrel). 5. What's all that knocking in the next room? (to fix a shelf to the wall). 6. Where is she? (to wait for us at the entrance to the Museum). 7. How did he manage to arrive so soon? (to come by plane). 8. What accounts for their delay? (the fog). 9. Why didn't he join in the discussion of the problem? (to have no interest in the subject). 10. Why is the photograph so pale? (the film; to expose to light). 11. Why was he so impolite? (to be annoyed with smb for disturbing him).
Ex. 2. Paraphrase the following sentences using "must".
1. It looks as if he were out of practice, that's why he lost the game. 2. I see a crowd of people before the door. No doubt something has happened. 3. He has obviously been working at this Research Institute for a long time. Everybody seems to know him. 4. Evidently* they were getting ready for another experiment. They wanted no strangers at the laboratory. 5. Obviously he was speaking from his own experience. He sounded very convincing. 6. Judging by the frosted windows the weather to-day is surely far from warm. 7. Evidently she was ashamed of her behaviour.
Ex. 3. Translate the following sentences using "must".
1. Вы, должно быть, только что вернулись из деревни. Вы прекрасно выглядите. 2. По всей вероятности он забыл, что раньше он придерживался другого мнения. 3. Я не думаю, чтобы он сердился на вас. Он, должно быть, был в плохом настроении. 4. Сейчас еще рано звонить ему. Вероятно он еще спит. 5. Какой прекрасный телевизор. Должно быть вы за него много заплатили. 6. Ты, должно быть, очень голоден. Ведь ты не ел с утра. 7. Я плохо себя чувствую. У меня, должно быть, температура. 8. Не случайно вас остановил милиционер. Вы, должно быть, превысили дозволенную скорость (лимит скорости). 9. Он, должно быть, давно болен. Он все время жаловался на плохое самочувствие. 10. Она, должно быть, задумалась и не заметила, как проехала свою остановку.