Questions for Final Assessment on Module
«Hydrological Calculations»
1. Definition of «гhydrology». Parts of hydrology.
2. Definition of «water body». Types and kinds of water bodies.
3. Definitions of «geo-runoff», «runoff». Characteristics of runoff and units of measurements.
4. Definitions of «hydrologic regime», «water regime».
5. Types of water flows and criteria of their distinguishing. Examples of water flows of different types.
6. Types of water bodies and criteria of their distinguishing. Examples of water bodies of different types.
7. Definition of «water regime phase». The main phases of water regime. Hydrologic and water supply year.
8. The main objectives of hydrological calculations as a part of engineering building survey.
9. Classification of water bodies in terms of water regime and water supply (classifications of М.I. L’vovich, B.D. Zaikov, P.S. Kuzin).
10. Definitions of «geosystem», «ecosystem», «landscape». Interconnections of landscape classifications and those of water bodies in terms of water regime and water supply.
11. Essence and main stages of the geographic-hydrological method.
12. Basic regulatory documents used in hydrological calculations as a part of engineering building survey.
13. Sources of information for hydrological calculations as a part of engineering building survey. Quality requirements for information.
14. Objectives and stages of hydrological statistic analysis at hydrological calculations as a part of engineering building survey. Criteria for checking homogeneity, randomness, relationship of theoretical and empirical probability distribution curves.
15. Determine water discharge of supply about 20% for a number of water discharge values (in m3/s): 120; 103; 123; 110; 98; 95; 108; 112; 92; 89; 117; 94; 101; 125. Calculate the average arithmetic, average quadratic deviation, variation coefficient, asymmetry coefficient using MS Excel.
16. Methods of hydrological calculations and their selection conditions.
17. Method of choosing river-analogue for determination of hydrological characteristics of unstudied river.
18. Method of aqueous runoff rate determination, maximum and minimum runoff at observation data availability.
19. Method of aqueous runoff rate determination, maximum and minimum runoff at insufficient observation data.
20. Method of aqueous runoff rate determination in the absence of observation data.
21. Method of maximum spring high water runoff determination in the absence of observation data.
22. Method of maximum runoff determination of rainfall flood in the absence of observation data.
23. Method of minimum runoff determination of winter and summer-autumn low water in the absence of observation data.
24. Method of water level determination in presence and absence of observation data.
25. Influence of bogginess, lake formation, and forest cover on the maximum runoff and method of its assessment.
26. Influence of water catchment bogginess, lake formation, and forest cover on the minimum runoff and method of its assessment.
27. Methods of annual runoff distribution determination. Evaluation on annual distribution using the method of average distributions.
28. Method of plotting discharge records of spring high water.
29. Method of bank line position determination of rivers and lakes.
30. Methods of bog water level calculation.
31. Conditions of ice clogging and dam formation.
32. Determination of «bed», «floodplain», «valley», «river bed evolution», «type of river bed evolution».
33. Classification of river bed evolution by the State Hydrological Institute.
34. Criteria of channel stability. Criteria for choosing the type of river bed evolution.
35. Concept of suspended and bed loads runoffs. Interdependence of river bed evolution and solid matter flow.
36. Challenges in solid flow determination. Methods of calculation of suspended and bed loads runoffs in the absence of observation data.
37. Method of river bed deformation evaluation at observation data availability. Composition of river bed evolution observations.
38. Способы оценки русловых деформаций in the absence of observation data.
39. Mineralization classification of natural waters.
40. Classification of природных вод по преобладающим ионам.
41. pH classification of natural waters.
42. Methods of background matter concentration determination in river water and revealing background deviations.
43. Basic equation for determination of permissible matter concentration in sewage discharge flowing into water stream. Elements of equation, units of their measurements and methods of determination.