Упражнение 5. Изучите методы представления
The user can write or draw directly on the transparency
whiteboard (more rarely blackboard orgreen board) is auseful device forspontaneous writing -as in brainstorming, forexample. For prepared material the OHE might be more suitable.
Duster is used for cleaning the whiteboard. It ts essential that the duster clean to start with. You may consider carrying your own duster just in case.
Markers are used for writing on the whiteboard (delink-you canemove the inJc)or flipchart (indelible - you cannot remove the inJoThey are usually available inblue, red, black and green. Again,it's a good idea to carry a spare set of markets in case you are given some used ones which do not write well.
The flipchart consists ofseveral leaves оf paper that you “flip” or turn ovet. Some peopleprefer the flipchart to thewhiteboard, but its use isto smaller presentations
The Slideprojector-which must be used in a darkened room adds certain drama. Some slideprojectors can be synchronised with audio-visual(AV)presentations.These projectorsare typically used for larger presentations. The majority take 35mmslides or transparencies ,but projectors for6x6cm slides are alsoavailable.
Transparencies are projected by anoverhead projectoror a slide projector onto a screen - in this case a folding screen which canbe pads up and transported.
The notebook computer is increasingly beingused to display graphics during presentations. It is often used in conjunction with anoverhead projectors which actually projects the image from the computer screenonto the v
ШШшки,..
Handouts an any documents or samples that you 'hand out'01 distribute to your audience. Note (hat it is not usually a good idea to distributehandouts before your presentation. The audience will read the handoutsinstead of listening to you.
Delivery
'Delivery' refers to the way in which you actually deliver or perform or give your presentation. Delivery is a vital aspect of all prescntaoens Delivery bat least as important as content especially in a multi - cultural contest
Nerves
Moat speakers are a little nervous at the beginning of а presentation. So it is normal if you are nervous The answer is to pay special attention to
the beginning of your presentation. First impressions count. This is the time when you establish a rapport with your audience. During this time, try to speak slowly and calmly. You should perhaps learn your introduction by heart. After few moments, you will relax and gain confidence.
Audience Rapport
You need tobuild a warm and friendly relationship with your audience. Enthusiasm is contagious. If you art enthusiastic your audience will be| enthusiastic too. And be careful to establish eye contact with each member of your audience. Each person should feel that youare speaking directly ■ him or her. This means that you must look at each personin turn-in as natural a wayas possible. This will also give youthe opportunity to detect signs of boredom,disinterest or even disagreement, allowing you to modify your presentation as appropriate.
Body Language
What you do not say it at least as important as what yoedo saf. Your body is speaking to your audience even before you openyour mouth. Your clothes, your walk, your glasses, your haircut, your expression - Ш from these that your audience forms its first impression as you enter theroom. Generally speaking, it is better to stand rather than sit when makinga presentation. Be aware of and avoid any repetitive and trntanug Be aware, too, that the movement of your body is one of уour methods control* When you move to or from the whiteboard, for example,you can move fast and slowly, raising or reducing the dynamism within the audience.Youcan stand very still while talking or you can stroll from side to side. What effect think these two difficult approaches would have on an audience?
CULTURAL COSIDERATIONS
Because English is so widely used around the world, it is quite possible that many members of your audience will not be native English -speakes. In other words, they will not have an Anglo-Saxon culture. Even within the Anglo-Saxon worldthere are many differences in culture. If we hypothetically imagine a Germanworking for an Israeli company making a presentation m English toa Japaneseaudience in Korea, we can sec that theft are evenmore possibilities for culturalmisunderstanding. You should try IDlearn about any particular cultural matters that mayaffect your audience. This is one whypreparation for your presentationis so important .Cultural differences can also beseen in bodylanguage, which we havejust discussed. ^ To a Latinfrom SouthernFrance от Italy,а presenter who uses his hands andarms when speakingmay seem dynamic and friendly To an English the same presenter mayseem unsureof his word and lacking in self- confidence
Voice quality
It is, of course, important that your audiencebe able to hear clearly throughout your presentation. Remember thatif you turn away from your audience, for example towards the whiteboard,you need tospeak littlemore loudly, In general you should try to vary your voice. Yourvoice in at least will then be more interesting for your audience. You can varyvoice a i least three ways.
• speed: you can speak at normal speed, you cat can *peaJc more slowly and you can stop completely! You can pause Tr » a very good technique for gaining your audience'saOentioe.
• intonation; you can change the pitch of your voice. You can speak i i tone. You can speak in a low tone.
! volume; you can speak at normal volume,you can speak loudh i speak quietly. Lowering your voice andap Lyour audiencesinterest.
The important pointis not tospeak Inthe same,flat, monotones voice throughout your presentation – this is the voice that hypnotists use to put their patients into trance.
Visual aids
Of allthe information that enters our brains, the vast majority of it entersthrough the eyes. 80% of what your audience teamduring your presentationis learned visually (what they see) andonly 20% is learned aurally (what they hear). The significance of this isobvious:
•visual aids arean extremely effective means of communications
• non-nativeEnglish speakers need not worry somuch about spoken English -they can relymore heavily on visual aids
It is well worthspending time in the creation ofgood visualaids. Butit it equally important not to overload your audience'sbrain*. Keepthe infomiation «1on each visual aidtoa minimum - and give youraudience time to look at and аЬъог bthis information. Remember, your audience have never seen these visual aids before . They need time to study and to understand them, without understanding there is no communication.
Apart from photographs and drawing , some the most useful visual aids are charts and grephs/…
Apart from photographs and drawings, some of the most useful visua
s arccharts and graphs, like U»c3-dimensional ones.Audience Reaction
Remain calm and polite if you receive difficult or even hostile siions during your presentation. If you receive particularly awkward stions, you might suggest that the questioners ask their questionsafter r presentation.
We've lookedat delivery. Now we'll move on to the language of
In English...
Language
Useshort words and short sentences.
Do not use jargon,unless you arecertain that your audiencepmderstandi it
Ingeneral, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas. Use active verbs instead ofpassive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand. They are much more powerful. Consider these two sentences, which say the same thing;
1. Toyota sold two million cars last year.
2. Two million can were sold by Toyota last year.
Which is easier to understand? Which is more immediate?Which is тюте powerful? № 1 is active and №2 ispassive. Language - Presentations.
When you drive on the roads, you know where you are on those pads. Each road has a name or number. Each town hasа паше. And ach house has a number. If you are at house № 100,you can go back > № 50 or forward to № 150. You canlook at the signpostsfor directions. Andyou canlook atyour atlas for the structure of the roads. otherwords, it Is easy to navigate the roads. You cannot get lost. Butwhen you give a presentation how can youraudience know where they are? How can they knowthe structure of your presentation? How can they know what Itcoming next? They know because you tellthem. Because you out up signposts for them, at the beginning and ailalong the route. This technique is called signposting
During yourintroduction, you should tell your audience what the iructureof your presentationwill be. You might say something like this
I will start by describing the current positionin Europe.Thenmove onto someof the achievements we've madein Asia. A Her that I'll consider the opportunities uc ик lor(ttrthei expansionin Africa. Lastly, I willquickly . recap before concluding with some recommendations "
A memberof the audience can now visual/cyour presentation 1&*
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He will keep this image in his head during the presentation. He mas e\ en write it down. And throughout your presentation, you will put up signrw* telling him which point you have reached and where you are going no* When you finish Europe and want to start Asia, you might say:
"Tint's all I have to say about Europe. Let's turn now to Asia/" When you havefinished Africa and w ant to sum up, you might say **¥/еЦ, we've looked at the three continents Europe. Asia and \ fries I'd like to sum up now."
Andwhen you finish summing up and want to give your recornmendabcim,уш might say:
"What does all this mean forus? Well, firstly I recommend...* The table below lists usefulexpressions that you can use tosignpost Ivarious pan of your presentation.
Упражнение 5. Изучите методы представления.
Введение
У всех представлений есть общая цель. Pe <> p! e дают представление, потому что они хотят общаться:
• сообщать
• обучаться
• убедить
• продать
Успешное представление - один из самых эффективных путей о передавание Вашего сообщения. И потому что английский язык так широко используется в международном бизнесе, практическое знание словаря и методов, используемых в английском языковом представлении, является ценным активом.