Make sure you cover all the furniture before you whitewash the ceiling
2. The government is trying to whitewash the incompetence of the Treasury officials.
3. The officials report on the killings has been denounced as a whitewash.
4. The Australians whitewashed them 6-0.
5. The game was a 6-0 whitewash.
False Friends.
Try to guess the meanings of the words. Look them up in a bilingual dictionary.
1. In certain countries, importing drugs is a capital offence.
2. So far, the police can only speculate on the possible motives for the killing.
3. The son of slaves, Fortune attended a Freedmen's Bureau school for a time after the Civil War and eventually became a compositor for a black newspaper in Washington, D.C.
4. She took up residence in South America.
5. The Unions are agitating for higher pay.
6. That’s a lunatic way to behave.
7. Mark Antony was a man of considerable ability and impressive appearance, far more genial than his adversary but not quite equal to Octavian's exceptional efficiency and energy and, in particular, unfit or unwilling to grasp the moment for action.
8. He spent extravagant sums on luxuries and magnificent buildings and seriously debased the coinage.
9. The government report stresses very firmly that teachers must not take a partisan line in history lessons.
10. The central argument of the book is that some of the plays supposedly written by Shakespeare were actually written by someone else.
.
Recommended literature.
1. Ахманова О.С., Минаева Л.В. О предмете и метаязыке учебной лексикографии // Словари и лингвострановедение (ред. Е.М.Верщагин). - М., 1982.
2. Виноградов В.В. Лексикология и лексикография. Избранные труды. - М., 1977.
3. Гвишиани Н.Б. Современный английский язык: Лексикология. М. 2000.
4. Денисов П.Н. Очерки по русской лексикологии и учебной лексикографии. - М., 1974.
5. Денисов П.Н. Проблемы учебной лексикографии / Под ред. П.Н.Денисова и В.В.Морковкина. - М., 1977.
6. Kараулов Ю.Н. Современное состояние и тенденции развития русской лексикографии // Советская лексикография. Сб. статей. - М.: Русский Язык, 1988.
TERMINOLOGICAL LEXICOGRAPHY
Lecture
1. Terms verses words of the general language. Terms and nomenclature units.
2. Principles of terminography.
3. Features of terminological dictionaries. Terminological dictionaries for native users of English and for learners.
Seminar
Topics for Presentations
Make a presentation on one of the following dictionaries:
1. Аникин А.В. Англо-русский экономический словарь. М. Русский Язык 1981.
2. Бенсон М., Бенсон Э. Русско-английский словарь глагольных словосочетаний. М. Московская международная школ переводчиков.1995.
3. Жданова И.Ф. Русско-английский внешнеторговый и внешнеэкономический словарь. М. Русский Язык 1998.
4. Загорская А. Большой англо-русский/русско-английский словарь по бизнесу. М. 1997.
5. Розенберг Д.М. Бизнес. Менеджмент. Терминологический словарь. М. Инфра-М 1997.
6. Рябцева Н.К. Научная речь на английском языке. Руководство по научному изложению. Словарь оборотов и сочетаемости общенаучной лексики. Новый словарь-справочник активного типа. М. Флинта. Наука 1999.
7. Kohls S. Dictionary of International Economics. German-Russian-English-French-Spanish. Berlin 1976.
Test Questions
1. What is the difference between terms and words of the general language?
2. What principle is terminography based on?
3. What are the features of terminological dictionaries in so far as their content and structure are concerned?
Written tasks.
Study the following passage.
Economic Growth
There is general agreement amongst economists concerned with the problems of less developed countries (LDCs) that a distinction should be made between economic growth and economic development.
Economic growth is defined as an increase in the productivity of an economy over time, giving rise to an increase in real National Income (NI). If the rate of growth of income is greater than the rate of growth of population, income per capita will also rise.
Economists distinguish between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Gross National Product (GNP) of an economy. GDP is the total final output of goods and services produced within an economy for any given year, by both residents and non-residents. GNP is equal to GDP plus net factor (or property) incomes from abroad (that is, the difference between returns to the inhabitants of the country from property located overseas minus the returns accruing to foreigners from their property located within the reporting country). For most LDCs, net property income from abroad is likely to be negative and thus GDP will be greater than GNP.
Both domestic product and national product can be expressed in net terms (that is, after allowing for capital depreciation) and either at market prices or factor costs (that is, including and excluding respectively, indirect taxes net of subsidies). Net National Product (NNP) at factor cost is identical to (=) National Income.
1a. The vocabulary of any scientific text, in our case of a text on economics, may be classified into three main groups: 1. words of general language; 2. words belonging to scientific prose as a genre; 3. terms (specific for that concrete branch of science). Analyse the text given above in terms of the above classification.Consult general purpose and terminological dictionaries.
2. Compile a list of terms from the text given above.
2a. Using your list of economic terms give examples of those which (1) coincide with the words of the general language; (2) are specific to economics.
2b. Although ideally terms should be monosemantic, i.e. displaying a one-to-one correspondence with a scientific concept, object, etc., there are cases when terms are polysemantic, i.e. have more than one meaning. Find such terms in your list.
2c. Are there many polysemantic (combinative) terms in your list?