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Варианты контрольных работ по английскому языку
Вариант 1
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
aggregate– заполнитель (бетона)
coarse – крупный , необработанный, сырой
fine — тонкий, мелкозернистый
precast —готовый, готовоотлитый
quality — качество
tensile strength – прочность на растяжение
tensile — растяжимый, вязкий
to crush — дробить
slab – плита
pouring – заливание, залив
Concrete is considered to be a universal material for construction. Different kinds of concrete can be used practically for every building purpose. The raw materials for producing concrete can be found in every part of the world. The main property that makes concrete so popular is that it can be formed into strong monolithic slabs. Another good quality is its relatively low cost. Besides, concrete is known to be fire- and decay-resistant.
Concrete is produced by combining coarse and fine aggregates, Portland cement, and water. Coarse aggregate is generally gravel or crushed stone, and fine aggregate is sand. Cement, sand, gravel, and water are taken in proportional amounts and mixed. The quality of concrete depends mostly on the quality of the cement used. The process of production consists in pouring the mixed components into forms and holding them there until they harden. The process of hardening generally lasts for about 28 days.
There exist different ways of producing concrete. It can be produced by mixing the ingredients and pouring the mixture into position on the very site of building. Concrete can also be produced in a factory, and used as a material for manufacturing prefabricated blocks. Accordingly, there exist the so-called in-situ (cast-in-place) concrete and precast concrete.
Concrete, as any other building material, has not only advantages but also disadvantages. Its main disadvantage is that it has no form of its own. Also, it does not possess useful tensile strength. Because of these qualities, in modern times construction concrete is very frequently combined with different metals. Most common of them are iron and steel.
The introduction of metal into the structure of concrete is highly advantageous. It strengthens the material and helps to realize its limitless construction and architectural potential. It should be noted that the use of ferro-concrete started only in the nineteenth century and is still gaining popularity.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What properties make concrete a highly used construction material?
2. What two types of aggregate are used for producing concrete?
3. Is sand a coarse or fine aggregate?
4. What ingredients does the quality of concrete depend upon?
5. How long does the process of hardening the mixed components last?
6. What quality is considered to be the main disadvantage of concrete?
7. For what purpose are metals introduced into the structure of concrete?
8. What metals is concrete frequently combined with?
9. When did the use of ferro-concrete start?
10. Would you like to live in a wooden or concrete building? Why?
3. Translate the Russian combinations into English and make up your own sentences with English equivalents.
Дроблёный песок
Крупный гравий
Мелкозернистый наполнитель
Бетонная плита
Заранее отлитый бетон
Строительный материал
Вариант 2
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
ROOF
flat— плоский
pitch — скат, наклон
slope — уклон
sloping — пологий, покатый
shingles (of wood) – дранка, деревянная черепица, гонт
slate – шифер
thatch – солома, тростник
unit – элемент, сборная часть
therefore – поэтому, следовательно
The roof is a necessary component of practically every building. It serves to protect the interior of the building from rain, snow, wind, and cold. There exist many types of roofs, the main ones being sloping (pitched) roofs and flat (or nearly flat) ones.
It is a well-known fact that every roof should have a covering. The type of covering of a roof mainly depends on the form of the roof and some other factors. The pitched roof is known to dry itself quickly of water. Therefore it can be covered with roofing materials consisting of small individual units. To these belong, for example, slate, shingles of wood, tiles of fired clay or concrete. These materials are widely used and popular as roofing coverings since they have a number of useful qualities. Firstly, the small units they consist of are easy to install. Secondly, they are easy to repair since they are individual and small. Thirdly, it should be taken into account that they are rather cheap. So if a pitched roof is manufactured of properly chosen material and is well installed, it looks beautiful and attractive. But, of course, pitched roofs have their disadvantages. Roofs of this kind should not be installed on broad and large buildings. They do not look attractive on such buildings. As to flat roofs, they can cover very broad buildings. Another advantage of these roofs is that they can serve as balconies and decks and even be landscaped parts of buildings they cover. But they also have some disadvantages. One of them is that water evaporates too slowly from their surfaces.
Different roof coverings are used and they serve different purposes: of them shingle and sheet metal roofs may cover any type of building. But as to thatched roofing it is mostly used for country buildings, historic restorations and some types of specialized buildings.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What are the two main types of roof?
2. What factors does the covering of the roof depend on?
3. Which type of roof dries itself quickly of water?
4. What types of covering consist of small units?
5. What are their good qualities?
6. For what reason shouldn't pitched roofs be installed on broad and large buildings?
7. Which part of roof can serve as a balcony or a landscaped part of a building?
8. Are thatched roofs used in modern big cities? If not, why? Where are they mostly used nowadays?
3. Translate the following combinations into Russian and make up your own sentences with English equivalents.
Properly chosen roofing materials
Uneconomically large sloping roofs
Beautiful and well installed flat roof
Roofing materials consisting of small units
Вариант 3
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
WOOD
wood — древесина, строевой лесоматериал;
content — содержание, доля
evaporation — испарение
to contain — содержать в себе
to decrease— уменьшать(ся)
decrease — уменьшение, спад
to increase - возрастать
increase — рост, увеличение
Wood has been a highly used building material since prehistoric times. Among other highly used construction materials there are concrete, steel, brick, stone, and plastics. They all differ in their properties and in the methods of usage. Construction materials are known to differ in strength, hardness, fire- and corrosion-resistance durability, and, naturally, cost.
Being the oldest building material, wood is also known to be the only naturally growing organic material. Is wood strong? Hardly so, because wood always contains some water which decreases its strength. But after the wood is cut, the water content starts to evaporate and as the water content decreases the strength of the cut wood and its hardness start to increase. It is a well-known fact that the drier is the cut wood the greater is its strength and hardness.
Trees are known to grow naturally, which makes wood a constantly renewable natural resource. Among other advantages of wood there are its low cost, low weight, and high workability. But, as any other construction material, wood has its disadvantages. The main ones are the following - it is not fire-resistant, it easily burns. Besides, it easily decays.
2. Answer the questions.
1. Wood has been a highly used building material since prehistoric times, hasn’t it?
2. Is wood strong material? Why?
3. Does the water content in the cut wood increase or decrease?
4. What are the advantages of wood as building material?
5. What is the main disadvantage of wood as a structural material?
3. Translate the following combinations into Russian and make up your own sentences with English equivalents.
water evaporation increase
water content increase (decrease)
naturally growing resource
the only naturally renewable resource
the only highly used naturally growing material
4. Match the definitions.
| 1) древесина | a) impregnated wood |
| 2) березовая древесина | b) laminated wood |
| 3) дубовая древесина | c) oak wood |
| 4) клееная древесина | d) wood, timber |
| 5) пропитанная древесина | e) softwood |
| 6) слоистая древесина | f) glued wood |
| 7) древесина мягких пород | g) birch wood |
| 8) древесина твердых пород | h) hard wood |
Вариант 4
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
TIMBER
floor — пол, этаж
flooring — настилка полов
frame — рама, корпус
removal — устранение, перемещение
roofing — покрытие крыши
to roof — настилать крышу
surface — поверхность
Timber belongs to one of the oldest building materials. It has been from ancient times and is still produced from cut wood. Timber has always been highly usable in construction because of its many advantages. To these belong its strength, light weight, cheapness, and high workability. Its other advantage is that it belongs to natural resources and is naturally renewable. It is the more so that about a third of the world is still considered to be covered with forests. Besides, timber is resistant to corrosion produced by chemical substances in the modern polluted atmosphere. One more advantage of timber is that it can be used for many construction purposes. But, naturally, timber has disadvantages and the main ones are that it is not fire-resistant and it easily decays; especially if it is not impregnated. Besides, freshly cut timber contains water that may cause great structural defects. Removal of water from timber is a necessary procedure that should take place before timber is used in practice. It increases strength and workability of the material and, of course, its durability.
What is timber mainly used for? Because of its many advantages it is highly used for producing window and floor frames, for flooring and roofing and for other various woodwork. The two main types of timber are hardwoods and softwoods. Of them, hardwoods are popular as materials used for decorative purposes: veneering in furniture and panelling. As to softwoods, they are mainly used for producing window and door frames and other kinds of woodwork.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What structural materials does timber belong to?
2. What is it produced from?
3. What are the main advantages (disadvantages) of timber?
4. Why is removal of water from timber useful for construction purposes?
5. What are the two main types of timber?
6. What are softwoods (hardwoods) used for?
7. How much of the world's land surface is considered to be covered with forests?
8. What countries are rich (poor) in forests?
3. Choose and put down the English equivalents to the Russian word combinations given below
Model: загрязненный воздух - polluted air
surface waters, floor frame, roofer, chemical pollution, decorative purposes, surface cracks, strips of land, chemically polluted air, floor boards, roof iron, laminated panel
слоистая панель —___________________________________________
кровельщик —______________________________________________
поверхностные трещины —____________________________________
полоски земли -______________________________________________
химически загрязненный воздух —______________________________
декоративные цели —________________________________________
химическое загрязнение —_____________________________________
шпангоут —________________________________________________
поверхностные воды —_______________________________________
настил —__________________________________________________
кровельное железо —
Вариант 5
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
STEEL
What is steel as a construction material? Steel may be classified as iron with the controlled amount of carbon. The amount of carbon in steel is generally less than 1.7 per cent. Ordinary structural steel should contain less than three tenth of one per cent carbon. This kind of steel also contains small amounts of phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and silicon. Like iron and its alloys, steel belongs to ferrous metals. It is a hard substance. Accordingly, it can be pulled, forged, and melted. Generally, steel, this strong metal, like other metals, is a good conductor of electricity. Alloyed steel and stainless steel are corrosion-resistant kinds of steel. Corrosion-resistant materials are known to be widely used for plant equipment, furnaces, valves, etc.
It should be noted that steel frames as a whole and their separate parts should be carefully designed: their function is to be able to carry the loads imposed on them and supported by them.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What group of metals does steel belong to?
2. What substances can steel contain?
3. What amount of carbon does steel generally contain?
4. What materials can be used for producing plant equipment?
5. What is the construction purpose of steel frames? For what reason must they be carefully designed?
3. Translate the following combinations into Russian and make up 5 sentences with English equivalents.
ordinary steel
ordinary structural steel
controlled amount
controlled amount of carbon
alloyed steel
corrosion-resistant alloyed steel
steel frames
carefully designed steel frames
stainless steel
plant equipment produced of stainless steel
sheet steel
generally used sheet steel
4. Match the definitions.
| 1) Roofing steel | a) нержавеющая сталь |
| 2) alloyed steel | b) легированная сталь |
| 3) sheet steel | c) листовая сталь |
| 4) strip steel 5) welding steel | d) кровельная сталь e) полосовая сталь |
| 6) reinforcing steel 7) stainless steel | f) сварочная сталь g) арматурная сталь |
Вариант 6
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
BRICK
clay -глина
mortar -раствор
raw materials –сырьё
underburnt–недостаточно обожжённый
shale - сланец
texture –структура, строение
Brick, stone, and timber are known to be the oldest building materials. Bricks belong to artificial (man-made) materials. Their production started in prehistoric times. Since then they have been produced and tested in all type of climate and in many countries. Thousands of years ago the builders in Egypt already knew the advantages of bricks and used them for construction. In those days the production of bricks was quite different from the modern one: bricks were produced not by burning but by drying in the sun, there being much sunshine in Egypt all the year round. Brick work was also popular in Rome, there being very few growing forests and as a result little timber there.
In modern times bricks can be made of concrete, mortar, of burnt clay and of a combination of some other substances. For example, different types of clay and shale can be used as raw materials. Accordingly, bricks produced nowadays have different sizes, shapes, colours, and textures. Bricks also vary with the method of fabrication and temperatures of burning. It should be noted that some types of brick, such as, for example, salmon bricks are underburnt and highly porous. Naturally, their strength is extremely poor. This property of salmon brick should be taken into account when choosing brick material for construction. But there exist many other types of brick that are extremely strong and almost glass hard. Between these extremes there lie some other types of brick with different properties. Brick properties are of great importance and should be taken into account while choosing material for construction purposes.
2. Answer the questions.
i. 1. What building materials are considered to be the oldest ones?
ii. 2. What natural (man-made) materials are used for construction nowadays?
iii. 3. Is brick a newly produced or an ancient building material?
iv. 4. In what countries are there (many, few) growing forests?
v. 5. What countries are rich (poor) in raw materials?
vi. 6. What properties of brick should be taken into account when choosing material for building purposes?
vii.
3. Choose and put down the correct variant.
1. Shale and clay belong to (natural, man-made)________materials.
2. (Metal and glass, clay and mortar) are used for fabricating bricks.
3. In (prehistoric, modern) times bricks (are, were) made by (drying in the sun, burning) .
4. Russia is extremely (rich, poor) in raw materials.
5. There were (many, few)___________ growing forests in Rome in prehistoric times.
6. Bricks(are extremely different, do not differ)_______________ in size, colour, and texture.
4. Match the definitions.
| 1) clay brick 2) ceramic brick 3) lime and sand brick 4) common brick 5) porous brick 6) solid brick 7) air brick 8) wall brick 9) shaped brick 10) cellular brick 11) pressed brick | a) ячеистый кирпич b) стеновой кирпич c) пористый кирпич d) глиняный кирпич e) керамический кирпич f) известково-песчаный кирпич g) фасонный кирпич h) прессованный кирпич i) полнотелый кирпич j) пустотелый кирпич k) красный кирпич |
Вариант 7
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
CERAMIC TILES
adhesive —клейкий
dependence — зависимость
flat – плоский, квартира
inch, in. — дюйм
tile — плитка, кафель, черепица
to apply - применять, прикладывать
to depend on, upon – зависеть от
by means of - посредством, с помощью
glaze — глазурь
glazy — глянцевый, блестящий
It is a well-known fact that there exist many types of bricks. Some of them are highly usable in construction while others are not popular because of their poor properties. Between these types there lie various types that are used for specific purposes. To them belong, for example, ceramic tiles.
Ceramic tiles is a burned-clay product. It is mainly used for decorative and sanitary purposes.
A ceramic tile consists of a clay body (корпус) covered with decorative glaze. Ceramic tiles are usually flat in form. They are extremely various. They vary in size from about 1/2 in square to more than 6 in. Their shapes are widely variable: squares, rectangles, hexagones, and others. Ceramic tiles are produced from clays of different colours. But — strange as it is — their colours do not depend on the colours of clays they are made of. Tiles are glazed, as a rule, and their colour depends on the colour of the glaze they are covered with. It is quite natural that ceramic tiles in practice exist in wide variety of colours: from pure whites to deep darks and blacks. Ceramic tiles are applied to the covered surface by means of a mortar or some adhesive substance. They are usually applied with the thinnest mortar joint.
2. Answer the questions.
1. Is the body of a ceramic tile covered with some substance? What substance is it covered with?
2. What spheres are ceramic tiles used in?
3. Do they differ in forms, colours, and shapes?
4. What are their colours and sizes?
5. By what means are ceramic tiles applied to the surfaces? Are they applied with a thick or thin adhesive joint?
3. Fill in the following prepositions:because of, on, to, of, by means of, in.
1. What building materials belong _______the oldest ones?
2. Does the colour of tiles depend_______ the colour____ the clay?
3. What ingredients does concrete depend_______ ?
4. What does the weight________ live load depend______ ?
5. Overburnt and underburnt bricks are unpopular_______ their poor strength.
6. Ceramic tiles are applied_____ adhesive substances.
7. Concrete, metals, and plastics belong________ construction materials widely used nowadays.
8. What ingredients does concrete consist_______ ?
9. In ancient Egypt stone blocks were joined____ bronze.
10. European countries are rich_________ timber.
Вариант 8
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
FIRE WALLS
enclosure — отгораживание
occupancy – владение
stair — ступенька
stairs — лестница
stairway—лестничное отделение
exitopening — запасной выход
exit pipe — выпускная труба
The function of a fire wall is to form a required separation in order to restrict the spread of fire through a building.
Every fire wall should extend from the foundation of a building to its roof. Every fire wall is supplied with an opening. It is of great importance to note that openings should be strictly restricted in size. Besides they must be closed with fire doors or wired glass.
A fire separation wall, like a fire wall, forms a required separation to restrict the spread of fire through a building. But, unlike a fire wall, a fire separation wall does not extend from foundation to roof. Openings in fire separation walls are also restricted in size and must be closed with fire doors or wired glass.
Fire separation walls are used to divide a building between mixed occupancies and for enclosure of stairways and exitway corridors.
Shaft walls are used to enclose a multistory open space in a building. To shaft walls belong elevator shafts, conduits, or pipes.
Walls for elevator shafts must be strong enough to bear air pressure and loads placed on them by the movements of the elevator cars within the shaft. Also, it is of importance to note that the noise of elevator machinery must be prevented from reaching other areas of the building.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What is the function of a fire wall?
2. What should every fire wall be supplied with?
3. What are openings be closed with?
4. What is the main difference between a fire wall and a fire separation wall?
5. What do fire separation walls divide?
6. What units belong to shaft walls?
7. What requirements must walls for elevator shafts satisfy?
3. Match the definitions.
| 1) interior wall 2) exterior wall 3) smooth wall 4) dead wall 5) main wall 6) brick wall 7) thick, thin wall 8) veneered wall | a) толстая, тонкая стена b) капитальная стена c) облицованная стена d) внешняя стена e) глухая стена f) гладкая стена g) внутренняя стена h) кирпичная стена |
Вариант 9
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
WINDOWS
sash –оконный переплёт
sash bolt — оконная задвижка
shop window - витрина
sliding sash – раздвижное окно
skylight window — окно верхнего света
single-sashed window — одностворчатое окно
spring - пружина
The main functions of windows are light and ventilation. Windows also serve for ornamentation of a building since ancient times. In those faraway days windows were frequently produced in shops. While nowadays windows are mostly produced in factories. What are the necessary components of a window? To these belong glass, frames, and sashes. The area of glass in windows of different types is determined according to the regulations. For example, in a modern housing construction the area of a glass should be equal at least to one length of the floor space. Window frame may be solid or cased frame carrying the sashes. As to sash it is a separate light frame that serves for carrying the window glass.
There exist single-hung and double-hung windows. Both of these types possess one or two moving sashes, securely held in tracks in the frame. Sashes can be fixed or sliding that slide up and down in tracks in the frame. In order to counterbalance the weight of the sashes, double-hung windows are supplied with a system of special springs. Fixed windows are practically impenetrable: they do not leak air or water; they are wind-proof. But they have their disadvantages: they can be opened only to not more than their size.
Windows may also be placed in roofs. Roof windows may be fixed or openable. Fixed windows are skylights while openable are roof windows.
2.Answer the questions.
1. What are the three functions of windows?
2. Where were windows produced in faraway times?
3. Where are windows mostly produced nowadays?
4. What factor determines the area of glass in windows of different types?
5. What should the area of a window glass be equal to?
6. Which part of a window carries the sashes?
7. Which part of a window carries the window glass?
8. How are windows classified nowadays?
9. Do fixed and sliding sashes differ? In what way do they differ?
10. What systems are double-hung windows supplied with?
11. What type of windows is impenetrable?
12. Where are skylights placed?
2. Translate the following combinations into Russian and make up 5 sentences with English equivalents.
unmovable slabs
openable window
penetrable surface
workable material
buildable structure
usable design
Вариант10
1. Read and translate the text in writing.
STAIRWAY
access – доступ, подход
rise -повышение
means –средства, ресурсы
horizontal -горизонтальный
Practically every modern building is supplied with stairways of some kind. A stairway is designed to provide a means of access between different floor levels of a building. Nowadays stairways are produced of various construction materials but the most popular among them are timber and reinforced concrete. Of them timber may be used for domestic stairs of all kinds because of its economical availability. As to reinforced concrete it is popular because of its durable qualities, great resistivity to decay and great resistance to fire. It should be taken into account that domestic timber stairs must be designed for safe and comfortable use by people of different ages.
What is required of stair construction? The main requirements are the following. Firstly, there should be guaranteed equal rise for every step and landing. Secondly, the maximum pitch length to the horizontal must be 42°. Thirdly, stair length must include not less than two rises and not greater than sixteen.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What house do you live in? Is it a modern or an old one?
2. Is it a multistorey building?
3. What materials is it constructed of?
4. What storey (floor) do you live on?
5. What materials are the stairways made of?
6. Is there an elevator (a lift) in your house?
7. Do you have to use it?
8. How many rooms are there in your apartment (flat)?
9. What colours are the walls in the rooms?
10. Do you like your flat or would you like to change it for another (bigger or smaller) one?
11. For how long have you been living in your house?
12. Are there trees and bushes around it?
3. Translate the following combinations into Russian and make up 5 sentences with English equivalents.
domestic stairways
means of access
pitch length
steadily rising costs
means of reproduction
rising moisture
Варианты контрольных работ по немецкому языку
Вариант 1
Прочитайте текст и переведите его с немецкого языка на русский.
CHEMIE LIEFERT BAUSTOFFE
In den letzten Jahren sind neue Stoffe geschaffen worden, die mit dem Metall und anderen Baustoffen konkurrieren. Die Herstellung solcher Stoffe verdanken1 wir der Chemie. Die neuen Stoffe sind haltbare Kunststoffe, die natürlichen Werkstoffen ähneln. Man nennt sie Plaste. Das sind billige und haltbare Werkstoffe. Diese Werkstoffe sind eine hervorragende technische Erfindung, und man schenkt2ihr große Aufmerksamkeit. Der Plast wird aus organischen Verbindungen hergestellt. Es gibt verschiedene Plaste. Dazu gehört vor аllеm3 Polyäthylen, das im Bauwesen besondere Bedeutung hat. Polyäthylen ist geruchlos und widerstandsfähig gegen Feuchtigkeit, Säuren und Fette. Man stellt aus ihm Rohre, Heizkörper, Kabelisolierungen, Essgeschirr u.a. Gebrauchsartikel4 her. Es wird auch für medizinische Zwecke verwendet.
Im Industrie- und Wohnungsbau können mit Erfolg Polyäthylenrohre verwendet werden. Sie sind um 30% billiger als Metallrohre. Die Kapitalinvestitionen für 100m Metallrohre betragen ungefähr 1300 Rubel, für Polyäthylenrohre aber nur 600 Rubel, d.h. die Investitionen sind um 2,2mal geringer. Polyäthylenrohre sind 10 mal leichter als Metallrohre. Sie sind korrosionsbeständig und chemisch standhaft. Sie können einen Druck bis 10 at aushalten.
In unserem Lande sind viele Werke zur Herstellung von Kunststoff-Bauteilen errichtet worden. 1962 wurde in der Stadt Tambow eine mächtige Werkhalle zur Erzeugung von Polyäthylenrohren erdichtet. In Achangaran (Usbekische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik) ist 1965 ebenfalls ein großer Betrieb gebaut worden. Die hier hergestellten. Rohre werden sowohl für Wasserleitung als auch für Kanalisation und Irrigation verwendet. Der Betrieb Achangaran stellt auch Heizkörper, Leisten und Geländerstangen her.
Die Wohnungen werden oft mit leichten und schongeformten Heizkörpern aus Plasten ausgestattet. Für den Fußboden verwendet man immer häufiger5 polymere Werkstoffe. Der neue Fußboden ist um 30-40% billiger als der Holzfußboden. In manchen Wohnungsbaukombinaten werden bezugsfertige Wohnungen hergestellt, die man zum großen Teil aus Plaste-Bauteilen montiert. Die Baustoffindustrie steht vor der Aufgabe, mehr leichtes und wirtschaftliches Baumaterial herzustellen.
Das Bauwesen ist heutzutage ohne Erzeugnisse der chemischen Industrie nicht denkbar.
Пояснения к тексту
1 verdanken —быть обязанным
2 Aufmerksamkeit schenken (Dat.) — уделять внимание
3 vor allem —прежде всего
4 der Gebrauchsartikel —предмет потребления
5 immer häufiger — все чаще и чаще
Упражнения
1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1) Was für Stoffe wurden in den letzten Jahren geschaffen? 2) Welche Industrie liefert die neuen Stoffe? 3) Welcher Plast hat im Bauwesen besondere Bedeutung? 4) Was wird aus Polyäthylen hergestellt? 5) Ist Polyäthylen widerstandsfähig gegen Feuchtigkeit? 6) Welche Bauteile sind billiger: Metall-Bauteile oder Plaste-Bauteile? 7) Was für einen Druck können die Polyäthylenrohre aushalten? 8) Woraus macht man oft den Fußboden? 9) Welche Aufgabe steht vor der Baustoffindustrie? 10) Woraus montiert man bezugsfertige Wohnungen?
2. Напишите данные предложения во всех временных формах пассива и переведите их:
1) Der neue Plast ... im Chemiekombinat (herstellen). 2) Im Bauwesen ... immer mehr billige Plaste-Bauteile (verwenden).
3. Переведите. Проанализируйте предложения:
Da Polyäthylenrohre billiger sind als Metallrohre, sind mächtige Werkhallen zur Erzeugung dieser Rohre errichtet worden.
Es gibt Wohnungsbaukombinate, wo bezugsfertige Wohnungen gebaut werden.
Вариант 2