TEXT 1. The Engineering Profession in the 21st century
UNIT 1
1. Выучите следующие слова и выражения:
engineering [ˌenʤɪ'nɪərɪŋ] – (adj) технический, инженерный;
(n) разработка и управление (о процессах, механизмах), инженерия
apply (to) [ə'plaɪ] – применять к (чему-л.), использовать, употреблять для ч.-л.
expertise [ˌekspɜː'tiːz] – человеческий опыт, знание дела; квалификация, компетентность
related (to) [rɪ'leɪtɪd] – (ppart) связанный, родственный
field – область, сфера, поле деятельности
graduate ['grædjueɪt] – (v) оканчивать (высшее учебное заведение);
['grædjuət] – (n) выпускник учебного заведения (школы, университета)
career [kə'rɪə] — карьера, занятие, профессия
pursue a career [pə'sjuː] – делать / строить карьеру
degree [dɪ'griː] — звание, учёная степень; диплом
a bachelor('s) degree ['bæʧ(ə)lə] — степень бакалавра
a master('s) degree ['mɑːstə] – степень магистра
guarantee [ˌgær(ə)n'tiː] — (n) (of) гарантия, обязательство;
(v) давать гарантию; гарантировать, обеспечивать
vocation [və'keɪʃ(ə)n] – призвание, профессия
emerge [ɪ'mɜːʤ] – появляться, возникать
curriculum [kə'rɪkjələm] — курс обучения, учебный план
challenging ['ʧælɪnʤɪŋ] – сложный, требующий усилий; перспективный
complete [kəm'pliːt] — (v) завершать, заканчивать, выполнять
2. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст:
In ‘Forefront’, a publication from the University of California at Berkeley College of Engineering, Berkeley Chancellor Chang-Lin Tien, a mechanical engineer, talks about the state of engineering education in a piece entitled “Engineering for the Next Millennium”:
“We must reject the stereotype that engineers only do technical work. We must apply our engineering expertise to related fields and bring other fields to bear on our own. In the 21st century, America needs more politicians who are engineers. America needs more teachers who are engineers.”
From a cynic point of view, it sounds like the college is warning students that they will have difficulty finding jobs as engineers after they graduate, so they had better look into other areas for a successful career in case they do not find a job in engineering.
The engineering profession is going through major changes as the cold war becomes a memory, as government spending winds down, and as the economic recovery from the recent recession continues to lag. In fact, there are some who say that we have already seen the recovery, and what you see is what you get. The result is that today’s economy may not change significantly for quite some time. Many engineers today are pursuing careers outside of their fields, and engineering jobs may never proliferate as they did, say, in the early 1980s. No longer is a bachelor's degree in engineering a guarantee of an engineering job, either in industry or for the government.
But for the long range, Chancellor Tien casts an interesting and certainly more positive slant on engineering. He considers it not as limited vocation, but as a basic education for the world of the future. It’s difficult to disagree with him that more people with an engineering education are needed to spread out into such professions as corporate management, teaching, and, as difficult as it is to say, politics. And there’s always the strong chance that many engineering jobs will emerge, and that many engineering graduates will practice as engineers.
Technology is the driving force behind more aspects of business with every passing day, and the engineering curriculum is an excellent preparation for jobs related to technology. The engineering curriculum also is one of the most challenging of all college programs, and anyone who successfully completes it is certainly someone who is prepared to handle almost any job. Perhaps it is time to broaden the sights of engineering students and tell them they can take what they have learned and apply it to another field.
3. Ознакомьтесь с дополнительными словами и выражениями:
forefront – передняя часть; зд. предисловие
сhancellor ['ʧɑːns(ə)lə] — ректор (в некоторых американских университетах)
bring to bear – влиять, воздействовать
lag – отставать, оставаться позади
proliferate [prə'lɪf(ə)reɪt] — распространяться, быстро увеличиваться (в количестве), разрастаться
for the long range — зд. по большому счету
cast a slant (on) — высказывать точку зрения (на), мнение ˚
4. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста:
1. What is a wide-spread stereotype about engineers? 2. What teachers and politicians are needed in the 21st century? 3. How can the Berkeley Chancellor's words be interpreted? 4. Do engineers today find jobs exactly in their fields? 5. How does the Berkeley Chancellor see engineering education of today? 6. Where can engineers work in the modern world? 7. Why can a person who gets a degree in engineering handle almost any job?
5. Найдите в тексте слова и выражения, эквивалентные данным ниже:
Публикация; отвергать; с точки зрения; изучать, исследовать; постепенно сходить на нет; спад; подъем (восстановление); отставать, оставаться позади; трудно не согласиться; движущая сила; расширить поле зрения.
6. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:
Mechanical engineer, engineering education, engineering expertise, engineering profession, engineering job, corporate management, government spending, engineering graduate.
7. Переведите выделенные слова с английского на русский язык, исходя из контекста:
| 1) суверенное state твердое stateвещества скверное stateвещей высокая административная state 2) a piece разбитого стекла написать a piece для газеты оплачивать за piece прекрасный piece искусства 3) to handle домашнее хозяйство to handleс проблемой тактично to handleс людьми | 4) тяжелая industry банковская industry сельскохозйственноеindustry похвалить за industry 5) электромагнитное field fieldсоциальных услуг field научных исследований 6) challenge на дуэль решать challenges преодолевать challenges новыйchallenge для личного роста |
8. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги:
1. He wasn't lucky to find a job … engineering, so he had to pursue his career … his field. 2. The engineering curriculum is an excellent preparation … any job related … technology. 3. A bachelor's degree … engineering allows you to apply your knowledge … another field like teaching, management or politics. 4. He received a master's degree in engineering and now can work … a university, … industry or … the government. 5. Engineering education is basic … the world of the future.
9. Вспомните образование и случаи употребления The Past Simple Tense. Преобразуйте следующие предложения в Past Simple (при необходимости изменяя утвердительную форму на негативную, и наоборот):
Пример: Today America needs more politicians who are engineers.
Earlier America didn't need so many politicians who were engineers.
1. Engineers don't do only technical work. 2. Many engineers build careers outside of their field. 3. Engineering jobs don't proliferate today. 4. Nowadays many people with an engineering education spread out into such professions as corporate management, teaching and politics. 5. A bachelor's degree in engineering does not guarantee an engineering job. 6. At present, an engineering profession is not a limited vocation. 7. Graduates often have difficulty finding jobs as engineers. 8. Today's governments do not reduce their spending. 9. You can apply your engineering expertise to almost any field.