Task 2. Choose the best answer to each question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text
1. Which of the following is not true?
a) Football of the early days was a different game from the one people play now.
b) Football was known in England as far back as in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
c) In the early days of football villages competed to win a game.
d) Nobody was allowed to laugh at football matches in the early days of the game: it was no laughing matter.
2. It can be concluded from the text that in the early nineteenth century football was played in England:
a) in public to have publicity.
b) in private schools.
c) and controlled by schools.
d) over more and more control.
3. How was football played before 1863?
a) There were no fixed rules universally recognized.
b) There were no rules to follow.
c) It was controlled strictly.
d) It was wide and varied.
4. When were the rules of football first officially fixed?
a) in the nineteenth century.
b) more than two centuries ago.
c) in the twentieth century.
d) At the dawn of civilization.
5. The word violent means:
a) powerful.
b) starving, suffering from hunger.
c) using, showing, accompanied by force.
d) looking forward to doing something.
Part 3.
Word skills development.
Activate your vocabulary!
University education.
Task 1. Read the following “vocabulary” text and study the words in bold type. Be ready to write a vocabulary dictation.
A. Subjects.
You can normally do (=study) these subjects at university but not always at school:
medicine law philosophy engineering business studies history of art
psychology sociology architecture politics agriculture
B. Studying at university.
If you want to go to (= enter)university, you must first pass examinations that most students takeat the age of eighteen (called 'A', that is advanced, levels). Most students take three 'A' levels (three examinations in three different subjects) and they must do well in order to get (=obtain)a place at university because the places are limited. At the moment, approximately 30% of young adults go to university in Britain.
If you get a place at university, the tuition (= teaching) is free, and some students also get (= receive) a grant, that is money to pay for living expenses, e.g. food and accommodation as well. Students at university are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree.
Most university courses last(= go on for / continue for) three years, some courses last four years, and one or two courses, e.g. medicine, may be even longer. During this period students can say that they are doing/studying history, or doing / studying for a degree in history, for example. When they finish the course and pass their examinations, they receive adegree (the qualification when you complete a university course successfully). This can be a BA (= Bachelor of Arts) or a BSc(= Bachelor of Science), e.g. I have a friend who has a BA in history, and another who has a BSc in chemistry.
C. Postgraduate courses.
When you complete your first degree, you are a graduate. In the US, students also use this word as a verb and say, they 'graduated in history' or 'graduated in chemistry', for example. Some students then go on to do a second course or degree (postgraduate course / postgraduate degree). These students are then postgraduates. There are usually three possible degrees:
MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science); usually one year
MPhil (Master of Philosophy); usually two years
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy); at least three years
When people study one subject in great detail often to find new information, we say they are conducting / doing / carrying out research into1/on2.
1to carry out a research into means to study the subject in details
2to carry out a research on means to study the subject in general
e.g. I'm doing some researchon chemistry.
My group mate is carrying out a research into bacterial fermentation.
D. School vs. university.
At school, you have teachers and lessons, at university, you have lecturers and lectures. When a lecturer gives/does a lecture, the students listenandtake/make notes, that is write down the important information, but do not usually say much, except to ask occasional questions.