Выступление учащихся со своими проектами. Обсуждение экологической ситуации
План открытого урока по английскому языку
в 8 классе в МОУ «Ибресинская СОШ № 1».
Тема урока: «Environmental Problems»
Цели:
1. Образовательная - совершенствование навыков монологической и диалогической речи.
2. Развивающая – развитие активности, способности к анализу, обобщению и формулированию собственных выводов
3. Воспитательная – формирование ответственного отношения к окружающей среде, воспитание правильного экологического поведения.
Задачи:
- активизировать лексический материал по теме; - практиковать учащихся в аудировании;
- развивать навыки устной речи.
Методы: коммуникативный, проектный.
Тип урока: обобщающий
Формы работы:
- фронтальная работа (ответы на вопросы, чтение слов);
- групповая работа (обсуждение мнений, дискуссия, ответы на вопросы);
- парная работа;
- индивидуальная работа.
Оснащение урока: компьютер, мультимедиапроектор, экран, слайды, доска, магнитофон, плакаты учащихся, раздаточный материал, компьютерная презентация проектов учащихся.
Ход урока:
Организационный момент и речевая зарядка.
Вступительное слово учителя (приветствие, сообщение темы и цели урока);
Teacher: Good morning, boys and girls! I am glad to see you. Sit down, please. I hope you are okay today and ready to work hard and enthusiastically. Today we have our lesson on the topic “Environmental Problems”.
It’s a wonderful world we live in. It is our Earth. For thousands of years the Earth has given support to all forms of life – human beings, animals, birds, fishes, insects and plants. But now people all over the world think about our planet. They think about air, water, plants and animals on the Earth. They say our planet is in danger. We have very serious environmental problems on our Earth. Who can say what these problems are?
P1: One of the problems is air pollution.
P2: I think the next global problem is water pollution.
P3: A lot of animals, birds and plants are disappearing now. To my mind it’s a very serious problem.
P4: Another problem is overpopulation. Nowadays there are too many people on the Earth, so the pollution of it becomes higher and higher.
P5: And we have also such a problem as destruction of natural recourses. For example, every year more and more trees are cut down.
T: You are quite right. At this lesson we are going to discuss these global environmental problems as air and water pollution, endangered animals and plants, and secondly we will try to answer the question: “What can we do to protect our environment and to save our planet?”.
Фонетическая зарядка (на слайде написана активная лексика).
T: First of all we will review some words and word combinations on this theme.
Vocabulary:
ecology
environment
environmental problems
to protect the environment
to be polluted by
air pollution
water pollution
to prohibit
to be strictly prohibited
to drop litter
to clear litter away
rubbish
garbage
packaging
to throw away
to be in (out of) danger
to avoid doing smth.
acid rain
habitat
ozone layer
flora
fauna
greenhouse effect
oxygen
carbon dioxide
ultraviolet radiation
(Работа проводится в режиме T – class; P1 – P2 – P3 – P4 (в группах); T – P1, P2, P3, P4).
Проверка знания слов.
T: I am sure that everybody knows the meanings of these words. So you can easily do the next task. Match the words with their definitions. We shall do this work in groups.
| 1. Ecology | a) A gas in the atmosphere. The gas that we breathe out. |
| 2. Environment | b) The Earth is becoming warmer because there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. |
| 3. Flora | c) The study of living creatures and plants in their surroundings. |
| 4. Fauna | d) This is the atmosphere between 10 km and 60 km above the Earth. The ozone stops a lot of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. |
| 5. Habitat | е) When the land, sea or air becomes dirty or poisonous. |
| 6. Pollution | f) Part of sunlight. |
| 7. Carbon dioxide | g) The natural living place of an animal or plant. |
| 8. Greenhouse effect | h) Rain containing acid. |
| 9. Ozone layer | i) It means simply what is around us. |
| 10. Ultraviolet radiation | j) All the plants that grow in a region. |
| 11. Acid rain | k) The animals of a region. |
T: Ready? Let’s check.
Выступление учащихся со своими проектами. Обсуждение экологической ситуации.
T: As you remember your homework was to make projects on the problems of our environment.
So we have four groups. Each group has prepared a project.
These are the themes of the project:
1. Air pollution.
2. Water pollution.
3. Animals are in danger.
4. Plants are in danger.
After listening to other groups, you can ask questions, add some information or express your opinion.
Okay, let’s start with air pollution.
P1: Air pollution is a very serious problem. Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the green house effect and acid rains.
P2: When the Americans decided to clean up the Statue of Liberty in 1986, the first thing they had to do was to make a hole in her nose and take away the acid rain that had collected inside. The polluted air of New York had mixed with the rain and damaged the Statue badly. And you certainly know that most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses.
P3: An even greater threat are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are. Nuclear pollution can not be seen but its effects can be terrible.
P4: More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.
T: Have you got any questions? What is your opinion on this problem?
(ученики высказывают свое мнение, задают вопросы).
T: Let’s continue speaking. The next theme is water pollution.
P5:Water is very important for life on the Earth. It is in oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. There is much water on our planet and at the same time there is little water on it. It is so because very little water on the Earth is good for drinking. In many rivers and lakes water is very dirty. Sometimes people cannot swim even in the sea because the sea and the seaside are not clean. In many places water is not drinkable. It is dangerous to use it when you cook. Even fish die in such water.
P6: For example Lake Baikal is the deepest fresh water lake on the Earth. It is 1741 metres deep. The lake is very beautiful but now it is in great danger, because of the factories which are near it. At some places the water in the lake is so dirty that it can kill animals and plants in the Baikal and near it.
P7: There is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution because the French Government tests nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. Britain alone dumps 250,000 tons of industrial waste straight into the North Sea. This poisons and kills fish and sea animals. ‘Nuclear-poisoned’ fish can be eaten by people.
P8: Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water they can die too. It happens so because factories and plants produce a lot of waste and pour it into rivers. So they poison the water.
T: So we’ve understood that air and water pollution are the most important problems on our planet. And what do you think what we can do to save our planet from air and water pollution?
P1: I think to make air clean we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories and plants and also in cars and buses.
P2: To my mind we can walk or use a bicycle instead of going by car. We should clear rubbish from lakes and rivers.
P3: Factories and plants must be forbidden to pour their waste into rivers, lakes and oceans.
T: The next problem is connected with the animals which need our protection. Now we will listen to the next group about some endangered animals. As for the other groups, be ready to add some more facts on this problem.
P9: Many animals and birds are disappearing nowadays. Many of them are in danger. Have you ever seen dodo? No, you haven’t. The last of these large birds that couldn’t fly died many years ago. Now it is extinct. We even say “as dead as a dodo”, which means “finished”. Your great-grandparents may just have seen a passenger pigeon: the last one died in 1914. A lot more endangered species – fish, reptiles, insects, birds, mammals – may disappear too. The reason is Man that kills animals and destroys their habitats.
P10: Indian tigers are among the endangered animals. Tigers are the biggest cats in the world. They are skillful hunters. Often they are dangerous. Some people are afraid of tigers and kill them to save their livestock and their lives. But some people have hunted tigers for fun and for their beautiful skin. They sell the skin and get a lot of money. There are few Indian tigers on the Earth now. Many of them are usually old and sick animals. Most tigers hide from people in deep, dark forests. The question is “Have those animals got a future?”
P11: We can ask the same question about African elephants. They are wonderful animals. They can help men. Today many elephants in Africa are dying because they do not have enough to eat or to drink and because they do not have enough space to live in. Hunters kill thousands of elephants every year. Some kill them for meat. But most kill elephants for their tasks. Specialists think that only two million elephants live on the planet today.
P12: I want to say a few words about Blue whales. They are the largest animals ever to have lived on the Earth. More than 200,000 blue whales used to live in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Today there are only about 600 to 3,000. Why? Since the 17th century they have been killed by hunters for their oil and meat. They have been protected by international law since 1967.
T: Well, we have learned about several animals which are almost instinct. Can you add anything?
P1: I want to add that as for the other animals the situation is the same: 8 big cats are killed to make one fur coat.
P2: Only several hundred of rhinos are left in Asia and about 3 million kangaroos are hunted every year.
P3: Over 400 000 monkeys are caught every year and about 300 dolphins and 30 sea turtles are poisoned by water pollution everyday.
T: Not only people can speak about the problems of environment. Books can speak, too. There is a kind of book which screams. It’s the Red Data Book. It’s a reference book on rare and disappearing animals and plants. Why is it “Red”? The color red is a danger signal, understandable to all people in the world.
Not only animals are in danger. It also concerns plants. We will learn about it from the last group.
P13: It is not just animals that are in danger. So are plants. The world had over nine million square km. of forests. This is a lot of trees, and also a lot of different species of trees. But they are disappearing fast. People cut the trees down because they need wood and paper or new places for farms and houses. Forests the size of Belgium are destroyed every year. It’s an international disaster. Even if new trees are planted, it takes many years for them to grow.
P14: You are quite right. Every year over 100 000 sq. km. of forests are cleared for different uses, and a lot of forests are so badly damaged that they will hardly be able to recover. If we go on like this, before long all the forests on this planet may be destroyed. This includes rainforests in South America, Africa and Asia. The huge forests help to control the world’s weather, and to produce much of the oxygen in the air.
P15: By the way, some medicines come from trees and from plants and flowers, which grow in the forest. There are many illnesses, which we still cannot cure. There are old ones like cancer and new ones like AIDS. It may be that the medicines we need will be discovered in wild plants in savannas, deserts or rainforests. If we destroy these places, we never find the cure. Every one of us must know how important in is to care for our great forests and save them from harm.
P16: Besides the huge forests help to control the world’s weather, and to produce much of the oxygen in the air. People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide. We produce carbon dioxide when we burn things. Trees take this gas from the air, and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut down and burnt big areas of rainforest. This means there are fewer trees, and of course, more carbon dioxide.
Музыкальная пауза.
T: It was very interesting to listen to all of you. You have done very informative projects. Thank you very much. You are tired a bit, aren’t you? Why not relax a little? I hope you’ll enjoy listening to wonderful music from the TV program “In the world of animals”. (ученики смотрят и слушают видеоклип из ТВ-программы «В мире животных»).