Подберите пары слов, имеющих противоположные значения

Unit 1

VALUE OF EDUCATION

 

LANGUAGE MATERIAL

 

VOCABULARY

1. Прочитайте новые слова, познакомьтесь с их русскими эквивалентами. Переведите письменно предложения:

1.	EDUCATION образование	He got a good education at Oxford.
2.	LANGUAGE язык	What language does this man speak?
3.	TO INTRODUCE вводить	The teacher introduced a new grammar rule at the lesson.
4.	SHOP цех, мастерская	There are many shops at this factory.
5.	STATE государство	Railways in Russia belong to the state.
6.	PRIMARY 1) начальный	1) There was only a primary school in the village.
	2) основной, первостепенный	2) The question is of primary importance.
7.	NEVERTHELESS все же, тем не менее	She was very tired, nevertheless she continued working.
8.	ENTRANCE 1) поступление	1) Entrance to the institute is by examination only.
	2) вход	2) There were many people before the entrance to the theatre.
	ТО ENTER 1) поступать	1) He entered the institute last year.
	2) входить	2) The students entered the classroom.
9.	AGE 1) возраст	1) I have a brother of your age.
	2) век	2) We live in the atomic age.
10.	SUBJECT предмет	That's an interesting subject of conversation.
11.	HIGHER EDUCATION высшее образование	His parents don't have a higher education.
12.	SECONDARY EDUCATION среднее образование	After she got her secondary education she started working as a secretary.
13.	ТО ATTEND посещать	All children of the village attend school.
14.	AFTER после	After school the boys played tennis.
15.	ТО LEAVE (LEFT, LEFT) оставить,уехать	They leave Moscow in summer.
16.	ТО PASS AN EXAMINATION сдать экзамен	The pupils of the 10th form passed all their examinations well.
17.	ТО RECEIVE получать	Did you receive a letter from your friend last week?
18.	ТО FAIL (IN) AN EXAMINATION не выдержать экзамен	He isn't very good at physics, he may fail in his examination.
19.	ТО TAKE AN EXAMINATION держать экзамен	Our students will take their examina­tions in January.
20.	TERM семестр	The first term at the institute lasts four months.
21.	ALMOST почти	She has almost finished her homework.
22.	AIM цель	The aim of the new methods was to improve the quality of teaching.
	ТО AIM стремиться	My brother aims to become a doctor.
23.	BROAD широкий	This river is 30 metres broad.
24.	GENERATION поколение	Several generations of their family were musicians.
25.	COURSE курс	Next term they will have a course of lectures in construction mechanics.
26.	FOREIGN иностранный	All pupils study a foreign language at school.
27.	ТО TAKE PLACE (TOOK, TAKEN) происходить, случаться	The meeting took place after the lectures.
28.	TO EQUIP оборудовать, оснащать	They will equip the laboratories with new apparatus.
29.	LATEST новейший, последний	Which is the latest book by this writer?
30.	TO REQUIRE 1) требовать	1) The situation requires my presence.
	2) нуждаться	2) They require our help.
31.	DURING в течение, во время	We speak English during the lesson.
32.	USUALLY обычно	What do you usually do оn Sunday?
33.	ТО LAST продолжаться, длиться	The lesson at school lasts 45 minutes.
34.	GRADUATION окончание высшего учебного заведения	After graduation some of the students will work at automobile plants.
	TO GRADUATE (FROM) окончить высшее учебное заведение	My friendgraduated from the institute last year.
35.	TO RETURN возвращаться	Yesterday he returned home late.
36.	FIELD 1) поле	1) There were a lot of flowers in the fields.
	2) область, сфера деятельности	2) This man works in the field of mathematics.
37.	FORMER прежний, предшествующий	She often wrote letters to her former teacher of literature.
38.	BETWEEN между	Our house is between the hotel and the hospital.
39.	ТО REALIZE 1) понимать, осознавать	1) She didn't realize her mistake.
	2) осуществлять	2) Peter's friends helped him to realize his plans.
40.	TO COMPLETE заканчивать, завершать	When will they complete the construction of the road?
41.	COMMON общий	They were good friends because they had common interests and hobbies.
42.	KIND род, сорт, вид	There are different kinds of books in our library.
43.	WISH желание	We have no wish to go to this concert.
44.	TOWARDS 1) по отношению к	1) The group felt friendly towards the new student.
	2) по направлению к	2) First they were moving towards the north but then changed the direction.
45.	IMPORTANT важный	It's important to lean to speak English.

 

Подберите пары слов, имеющих противоположные значения.

А. 1. to complete	Б. 1. to return
2. after	2. to fail in an examination
3. to leave	3. to begin
4. to pass an examination	4. before
5. to ask	5. yesterday
6. much	6. little
7. tomorrow	7. to answer
8. here	8. to enter
9. to graduate (from)	9. morning
10. evening	10. there
11. to receive	11. bad
12. south	12. north
13. good	13. to give
14. to open	14. white
15. black	15. to close

 

3. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

important work	during the term
his last wish	big shops of the factory
not to attend school	to equip a laboratory
before and after the conference	the latest news
school age	at the beginning of the term
a complete course of lectures in history	to receive a grant
to introduce new methods of teaching	to complete important work
a foreign language	primary and secondary education
to leave the country	to take an examination in literature
to enter the room	to realize a new plan
it takes place in the field of economy	common interests
the course of the ship	to require much time
usually in time	the young generation
to last longer	the former school teacher
to graduate from Moscow State University	between two houses
to return the book	the aim of his life
in the field of physics	to realize his mistake

b) Переведите текст:

TEXT 1A

Education in Russia

1. Ancient Rus was one of the early feudal states and held a leading place in the world history.

The Slavonic written language came to Rus from Bulgaria in the 9th century. Towards the end of this century the replacement of religious books in Greek for those in the Slavonic language began.

Between the 10th and 13th centuries Russians developed a high civilization, which formed the foundation of the Russian culture in the following centuries. During this period numerous cultural treasures were accumulated. The written works of the time show that the level of knowledge on most natural phenomena was as high as that of Ancient Greece.

Monasteries were cultural and educational centres. They had large libraries and well-equipped book-making shops, in which not only church manuscripts were copied and translated but original books were written. Today we can confidently say that Ancient Rus was a state of high culture and knowledge.

2. In pre-revolutionary Russia there was a network of primary schools for common people. Nevertheless illiteracy among common people was very high. Well-off people taught their children in grammar schools (гимназии), commercial schools or secondary schools teaching no classics (реальные училища /в дореволюционной России/).

There were also schools for nobles only. Entrance to those schools was limited. For example, at lycée where Pushkin studied the number of pupils ranged from thirty to one hundred. Only boys at the age of 10 or 12 from noble families of high rank were admitted and studied there for six years. They were taught many different subjects. The most important were Russian literature, history, geography, mathematics, physics, logic, law, rhetoric and such foreign languages as French, English, German and Latin. Great attention was paid to different arts and physical training: riding, swimming, fencing and dancing. The aim of this school was to bring up intelligent people in the broad sense of the word. Those who graduated from such educational institutions usually entered the service of their country to realize their abilities and knowledge to the benefit of their state.

3. The history of higher education in Russia goes back to 1755 when the fist University was founded in Moscow on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov and in accordance with his plan. Later, universities were opened in many other big cities of the country.

4. After the revolution in 1917, education was guaranteed to the Soviet citizens by the Constitution and was free of charge, including higher education. Teaching at schools was carried out almost in all national languages. The system of education was the same throughout the country.

School attendance was compulsory for those between 7 and 15. Those who completed their secondary education and passed entrance examinations to higher education establishments received monthly grants if they did not fail in the examinations that they took at the end of each term. Higher school education lasted five years.

3. In 1991 the former fifteen republics of the Soviet Union became independent states. The Russian Federation, the biggest and the most powerful of them began to develop as a democratic state. From the very start democratic reforms began to take place in many fields of life. Changes in political, economic and social conditions required changes in the system of education. Its aim is to prepare the growing generation for independent life and work in new conditions.

New curricula were introduced in schools such as “The World Around Us” for younger students and “Fundamentals of Information Science and Computer Engineering”, “Ethics and Psychology of Family Life” for senior students. Along with state schools where education is free of charge there appeared many private schools, colleges, lycées, gymnasia and different courses where students can study sciences and humanities including foreign languages.

4. At some schools the leavers are sent abroad to continue their education at Sorbonne in Paris, at the Universities of Great Britain, Germany, USA and other countries.

After graduating from those Universities they return to the country to work in different fields of national economy.

A former student of a Russian school said on his return home:

"I was surprised how much there is in common between Russian and Western young people - their love for entertainments and the same kind of music and their wish to know everything new. I hope there will be time when young people from abroad will also come to our country to study.

Such exchanges of students will undoubtedly result in better understanding among people which in its turn will bring greater stability to the whole world."