Types of universities in Great Britain and USA (also university degrees)
Great Britain:
Universities in the UK may be divided into three types:
• The old established universities, such as Oxford (founded 1249), Cambridge, Edinburgh.
• The 19th century "redbrick universities" such as London and Manchester. These Universities were created to fill local needs, to provide a liberal education for the poorer boys, and to give technological training.
• The “new universities” established after World War II, such as Essex, Lancaster. These were originally technical colleges set up by local authorities.
USA: Degree-granting institutions in the USA are typically divided into four major groups:
1) Two-year colleges usually offer the associate’s degree such as an Associate of Arts, Associate in Science.
Community colleges are often open admission, with low tuition. These institutions award associate’s degrees in vocational fields, prepare students for transfer to four-year institutions.
2) Four-year colleges offer the bachelor’s degree, such as the Bachelor of arts or Bachelor of Science. They are known for being residential and for having smaller enrollment and class size. Most are private. In addition some offer experimental curricula.
3) Universities are research-oriented institutions which provide both undergraduate and graduate education. Graduate programs grant a variety of master’s degrees- such as the Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Business Administration or Master of Fine Arts.
Some universities have professional schools, which are attended primarily by those who plan to be practitioners instead of academics.
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3) Belarusis favourably situated from an economic, geographical and geopolitical viewpoint in the eastern part of Europe. The Republic is located at the junction of rail and road routes, oil, gas and commodity pipelines, and communications systems linking Western Europe with Russia and Asia. To the west, Belarus borders Poland, to the north-west, Lithuania, to the north, Latvia, to the north-east and east, Russia, and to the south, Ukraine. In that regard, Belarus has the capacity to become a bridgehead for foreign investors seeking to conquer new and promising markets throughout the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States).
The Republic of Belarus is located in the center of Europe. It consists of six regions. The Republic of Belarus is a unitary, democratic, social state with the rule of law. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus is the Fundamental Law of the Republic of Belarus.
The state power divided into legislative, executive and judicial. In accordance with the Constitution the representative and legislative body is the Parliament, that consist of two chambers- the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic.
The executive power in the republic is exercised by the Government - the Council of Ministers being the central body of state administration.
The judicial power in the republic belongs to the courts.
Belarus’ greatest natural resource is its geographical location. We have large forest and water reserves. Belarus has largest reserves of potassium salts, food salt and construction materials.
Following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus switched to the social market economy. This type of economy keeps many of the facets of a command economy, including a high level of government involvement.
Agriculture has a 6-8% share in the Gross Domestic Product. Agroindustrial complex of Belarus includes agriculture, manufacturing industry, service sector. Agriculture in Belarus is mainly specialized in crops, meat, dairy and poultry production.
The major threat to the stability of the Belarusian economy is a price hike of energy resources supplied by Russia. But now we have preferential price on gas. One of the key problems of the Belarusian economy is a high intensity of power consumption. Belarus is a highly attractive place for investment in development of transport logistics.
70% of GDP is produced by state-controlled enterprises.
A Manufacturing
Manufacturing produces more than half of the economic output of Belarus. The country is known for the heavy-duty trucks, tractors and transport vehicles it produces. Belarus also manufactures computers, engineering equipment, metal-cutting tools, and such consumer goods as bicycles and motorcycles, clocks and watches, refrigerators, and television sets. The country's chief chemical product is potassium fertilizer. The forests yield many wood products, including furniture, matches, plywood, and paper goods.
D Services
This sector of the economy remains largely underdeveloped. State-owned stores offering relatively low-quality goods predominate, although new supermarkets are opening at an increasing rate. Private stores are limited mainly to small kiosks, or free-standing merchandise booths, on the sidewalks. The number of restaurants in the major cities has risen markedly only in Minsk.
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