Чтение гласной «о» в различных сочетаниях
| oi | [ɔi] | boil, oil, toil |
| o + ld | [ou] | bold, gold, hold |
| оо +к | [u:] | book, look, hook |
| oo | [u:] | moon, soon, too |
| ооr | [ɔ:] | door, floor But! poor |
| ou | [au] | found, pound, round |
| ough +t | [ɔ:] | ought, brought, fought |
| ough | [ʌf] | enough |
| our | [ɔ:] | course, source, resource |
| o+m, n, th, v | [ʌ] | some, none, mother/cover |
| ow | [ou] | blow, slow, below |
| ow | [au] | down, cow, how |
| oy | [ɔi] | boy, joy, toy |
| w + or | [ə:] | work, word, world |
Упр. 6. Пользуясь таблицей «Чтение гласной «o» в различных сочетаниях», прочитайте следующие слова.
Load, flow, grow, road, round, sound, down, about, mouse, loop, cool, worm, worse, mountain, son, show, how, company, bought, founder, tool, coin, sought, rough, tough, other, reboot.
Упр. 7. Прочтите текст.
Steve Jobs
Steven Paul Jobs, an inventor, computer programmer and businessman, was born in California, USA, on 24 February, 1955. His biological parents were university graduate students and gave him up for adoption. The infant was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs and named Steven Paul Jobs.
The family lived in Mountain View within California's Silicon Valley. As a boy, Jobs and his father would work on electronics in the family garage. Paul would show his son how to take apart and reconstruct electronics. When Steve Jobs was 13 he met computer club guru Steve Wozniak. Wozniak was a brilliant computer engineer, and the two developed great respect for one another.
In 1976, when Jobs was just 21, he and Wozniak started Apple Computers. Jobs and Wozniak are credited with revolutionizing the computer industry by democratizing the technology and making the machines smaller, cheaper, intuitive, and accessible to everyday consumers.
There is a story that Steve Jobs had the idea for a home computer when he was picking apples in an orchard in Oregon. He looked at the apple in his hand and decided to call his future company Apple.
The company grew very fast. Seven years later, Jobs introduced the Macintosh computer in a brilliant demonstration that he gave himself. However the sales of the first Macs were disappointing. This led to tensions in the company, and in 1985 he resigned.
In 1986, Jobs bought Pixar Animation Studios. This corporation produced the first full-length completely computer-animated film Toy Story, in 1995. After trying a few different presidents, the Apple management realized that they needed Steve Jobs and asked him to come back. He accepted and started adding colour to the company. Until 1998, all computers were grey or beige. Steve changed all that with brightly coloured iMacs, egg-shaped computers that offered high-speed processing at a reasonable price. Then came iTunes, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Apple became a popular company once again.
On October 5, 2011, Apple Inc. announced that co-founder Steve Jobs had died. He was 56 years old at the time of his death.
Упр. 8. Ответьте на вопросы.
a) Who was Steve Jobs?
b) What did his father teach Steve?
c) What was Steve Wozniak’s occupation then?
d) When did the two men start their company?
e) Why was Steve Jobs pushed out of Apple?
f) What did Jobs do when he returned to Apple?
g) How did Jobs and Wozniak influence the computer industry?
Упр. 9. Подберите к слову правильное объяснение.
| 1. to introduce | a) that can be easily got or used |
| 2. to resign | b) a person who buys and uses products |
| 3. to take apart | c) to present and make known |
| 4. a consumer | d) to understand |
| 5. accessible | e) excellent |
| 6. tension | f) to give up a job or position |
| 7. to realize | g) a situation of hostility and distrust |
| 8. brilliant | h) to separate into component parts |
Упр. 10. Закончите предложения, используя слова в рамке.
| held resigned put forward was honoured started best known came became involved deeply attracted |
1. In 1933 Norbert Wiener was elected to the National Academy of Science (USA), from which he ____________________ in 1941.
2. In 1940, Norbert Wiener ___________ to work on a research project on anti-aircraft (противовоздушная оборона) devices.
3. The idea of cybernetics __________ to Norbert Wiener when he began to consider the ways in which machines and human minds work.
4. Norbert Wiener was ________________ to mathematical physics.
5. Niels Bohr is _________________for the development of the Bohr model of the atom.
6. In 1927, Bohr ________________ his principle of complementarity.
7. In America Niels Bohr __________________ in the Atomic Energy Project which aimed to build the first atomic bomb.
8. Niels Bohr ___________ many important positions and ____________ by many important scientific institutions.
Упр. 11. Скажите другими словами..
Пример: Jobs and Wozniak are credited with revolutionizing the computer industry by democratizing the technology - Jobs and Wozniak are best known for revolutionizing the computer industry by democratizing the technology.
1. Steve Jobs had the idea for a home computer when he was picking apples in an orchard in Oregon.
2. Jobs introduced the Macintosh computer in a brilliant demonstration that he gave himself.
3. Norbert Wiener’s first important position was that of Instructor of Mathematics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
4. Norbert Wiener was greatly interested in many different disciplines.
5. Ernest Rutherford proposed the concept of a nucleus within the atom.
Способы словообразования в английском языке.
Рассмотрим основные значения суффиксов по частям речи.
Основные суффиксы существительных (nouns)
| -er/-or | профессия, действующее лицо, устройство | programmer visitor scanner | программист посетитель сканер |
| -ant | профессия | assistant | ассистент |
| -ian | профессия | technician | техник |
| -ist | профессия | scientist | ученый |
| -age | действие, состояние | shortage | нехватка |
| -ance/-ence | действие, состояние | assistance | помощь |
| -ing | процесс, действие, состояние | pharming | фарминг — метод интернет-мошенничества |
| -ion/-tion/-ation | процесс, действие, состояние | compression connection | сжатие связь |
| -ment | действие, его результат | management | управление |
| -ty | качество или состояние | density | плотность |
| -ness | качество или состояние | effectiveness | эффективность |
| -ship | качество или состояние | partnership | партнерство |
| -ics | название науки, отрасли | physics | физика |
| -ware | изделия одного вида | software | программное обеспечение |
Упр. 12. What are these professions?
1. A person qualified in a branch of engineering.
2. A person making connection of lines in a telephone exchange.
3. A person who installs electrical equipment.
4. A person who gives professional advice.
5. A person who conducts analysis.
Упр. 13. Закончите предложения, используя слова в скобках с нужными суффиксами.
1. I’ll email my report to you as an ________________ (attach).
2. The growth of the Internet has increased the need for effective data ___________ (secure).
3. Aircraft flight ______________ is used to train pilots (simulate).
4. The field of ____________ studies the ways people and machines process information (cybernetic).
5. Niels Bohr was one of the most distinguished _________________ of all time (physics).
6. Today we can see the _______________ of telecommunications, IT and Media at device level (converge).
Основные суффиксы прилагательных (adjectives)
| -able, -ible | возможность действия | portable accessible | портативный доступный |
| -al | наличие качества | electrical | электрический |
| -ant, -ent | наличие качества | resistant different | сопротивляющийся различный |
| -ful | наличие качества | colourful | красочный |
| -ive | наличие качества, свойства | active | активный |
| -less | отсутствие качества | wireless | беспроводной |
| -ous | наличие качества | famous | известный |
Основные суффиксы наречий (adverbs)
| -ly | greatly | очень, значительно |
| -wards | backwards | назад, обратно |
Основные суффиксы глаголов (verbs)
| -ate | graduate | окончить вуз |
| -en | harden | закаливать |
| -fy | intensify | усиливать |
| -ize, -ise | specialize | специализироваться |
Обратите внимание: при добавлении суффикса может измениться ударение!
photograph photographer photographic photographically
Упр.3. Прочтите и переведите слова.
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| activity | activate | active | actively |
| magnet, magnetism | magnetize | magnetic | magnetically |
| digit, digitizer, digitizing | digitize | digital | digitally |
| electricity | electrify | electrical | electrically |
| computer, computation | compute, computerize | computable, computational | computationally |
Упр.14. Переведите на английский язык, используя слова в скобках.
Производить, производитель, производство, продукция, продуктивный (produce); потреблять, потребитель, потребление, потребляемый (consume); обмениваться информацией, коммуникационное утсройтсво, передача (связь) (communicate); управлять, устройство управления, управление (администрирование), легко управляемый (manage), обрабатывать, устройство для обработки, обработка (process).
Занятие 4 “ City”
Порядок слов в английском предложении.
На примере представленной ниже схемы вспомните о порядке слов, характерном для английского языка.
В английском языке, как и в русском, все слова могут выступать в предложении в синтаксической функции различных членов предложения (сказуемого, подлежащего, обстоятельства, определения).
Синтаксическая функция слов в значительной мере определяется их словорасположением. Порядок слов в английском предложении может быть представлен схемой, из которой видно, что подлежащее, сказуемое и дополнение располагаются в строго фиксированной последовательности относительно друг друга.
определение
Обстоятельство может находиться практически в любой части предложения, а определение располагается рядом с тем членом предложения, к которому оно относится, и входит в структуру предложения только в составе этого члена.