Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 абзацы на русский язык. How Did Rich Romans Live?
How Did Rich Romans Live?
1) Over 2,000 yearsago, therewere many rich people in Rome. The Roman government controlled a lotof land.They controlled most of Europe. The Romans forcedeveryone to use Roman customs. Everyone paid Roman taxes and obeyedRoman laws. The government workers had to speak Latin. Latin was the language of Rome.
2) Rich Romans had two houses. They had one house in the countryand one house in the city. The houses had many rooms. There was a garden in the middle. The floors and walls had beautiful tiles. Artists painted pictures on the tiles. The houses had water, a kitchen, and heating. Most people at that time didn't have these things. Many rich Romans had slaves. The slaves cooked and cleaned. Romans took men, women, and children from other countries to work as slaves.
3) The Romans ate three meals a day. They ate the main meal in the afternoon. They ate for severalhours. Rich families asked friends to come overfor a big meal. They had special foods, like mice, oysters, and peacock. They ate with their fingers or a spoon. During meals, Romans didn't sit on chairs. They lay on sofas!
4) Most Romans went to publicbaths. They relaxedand met friends there. They swam in the pools, read, ate, and got a haircut.There were three kinds of baths: very cold, warm, and hot. Romans cleaned their bodies in another way. They rubbed olive oil on their bodies. Then they took it off with a knife. They believed clean people were very healthy.
5) Rich Romans were always clean. The men shaved their face hair and had short haircuts. Some men dyedtheir hair black. Women had long hair and wore makeup. They put powder on their faces and put color on their lips. The Romans also wanted to smell clean. They used a lot of perfume. They used different perfumes for different parts of their bodies. They put perfume on their furniture, clothes, and horses, too.
7) The rich Romans had interesting lives. Today we use many things from the Romans, such as perfume, glass windows, and even ketchup!
A) Заполните пропуски словами из рамки, перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.
| forced several obeyed public healthy relaxed dyed |
1. People did not like Roman customs. But the Romans wanted everyone to use their customs. The Romans …………. people to use their customs.
2. They ate meals for more than two or three hours. They ate for ………….. hours.
3. Everyone in town went to the baths. The baths were …………...
4. The Romans were happy at the baths. They didn't worry about their problems. They ……………..
5. The people did what the Romans told them to do. The people …………… the Romans.
6. The men added color to their hair. They …………… their hair.
7. Romans did not want to be sick. They wanted to be …………….
B) Заполните пропуски данными словосочетаниями, перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.
Got a haircut the country come over in the middle
1. The Romans wanted their friends to visit their houses. They wanted their friends to …………….
2. I saw a beautiful vase on the table …………… of the room.
3. The Romans had houses outside of the city. They had houses in ……………...
4. The Romans wanted to look good. Sometimes the hair on their head was too long. Then they ……………...
Дайте развернутые письменные ответы на вопросы.
1. When do you get a haircut?
2. Where do you see sofas?
3. What do you doto be healthy?
4. What do you see in the country?
5. What do you do to relax?
6. When do your friends come over?
Ответьте письменно на вопросы.
1. What did the Roman government control?
2. What did the Romans' houses have?
3. What did the Romans eat with?
4. What did the Romans do at the public baths?
5. What color did the men dye their hair?
6. What did they put perfume on?
Тексты для дополнительного чтения и перевода.
Why Is the Elephant Important in Thailand?
Elephants are a very important part of Thailand's history. They are symbols of power and peace. They are strong and gentle at the same time. But many years ago, they also did important work. They helped the Thai people get wood from their forests.
In the past, the Thai people cut down a lot of trees. In 1989, the government made a law to stop this. They wanted to keep the trees in the forest. Today, the Thai people cut down only a few trees. Some elephants work in the forests to help them. The forests are in the mountains. Many trucks and machines cannot go up the mountains. But elephants can. Men cut down the trees, and the elephants pick up the trees. Then the elephants carry the trees to the river. The trees float down the river to other men. The men cut the trees into pieces of wood.
In the past, elephants trained for many years to learn how to work. Each elephant had its own trainer, or mahout. A mahout spent his life with the same elephant. Fathers wanted their sons to be mahouts, too. Mahouts bought baby elephants for their sons. First, the baby elephant stayed with its mother. When the elephant was three years old, it lived with the boy. The boy and the elephant grew up together. The boy took care of the elephant. They learned a lot about each other.
A mahout trained, fed, and took care of his elephant. This was a difficult job. An elephant eats 550 pounds (250 kilos) of plants and drinks 80 gallons (300 liters) of water every day! It trained every day for six hours in the morning. The elephant got used to the mahout. The elephant remembered the mahout's voice and smell. It understood its mahout's instructions. The elephant obeyed its mahout. It did not obey other mahouts. The mahout trained the elephant for twenty years. At age twenty, the elephant began to work. Elephants worked for about thirty-five years. They stopped work at age fifty-five or sixty—like people.
Today, most elephants and mahouts have no work. But the elephants are still very important in Thailand. Visitors to Thailand want to see them. The Thai people are very proud of their elephants.
Why Do People Decorate Their Bodies?
People decorate their bodies for many reasons. They also decorate in different ways. Some groups of people have decorated their bodies for thousands of years. Other people want to look attractive. Other people want to belong to a group.
Some people decorate their lips, ears, and neck to be beautiful. For example, in Africa, the Surmese women wear a plate in their bottom lip. How do they do this? First, a mother makes a hole in her daughters bottom lip. Then she stretches the lip. Then she puts a small plate in it. As the daughter gets older, she puts in bigger and bigger plates. Other people in Africa put plates in their ears. They want the bottom of their ears to hang to their shoulders.
The Pa Daung women in Myanmar are called "giraffe women." They have very long necks, like giraffes. The women wear metal rings to stretch their necks. They wear more rings as they get older. Their necks become longer. Their necks are sometimes two or three times the normal size. Some women die if they take off the rings.
People also decorate their teeth to be beautiful. Many Americans and Europeans like white, straight teeth. They spend a lot of money to fix and clean their teeth. This is not true in other parts of the world. In east Africa, some people pull out their bottom teeth. They want their top teeth to stick out. In some parts of Asia, women used to paint their teeth black to look beautiful. Today, young people do not do this. In Indonesia, boys and girls file their teeth. A person with filed teeth will have a good and healthy life.
People around the world always liked tattoos. Europeans learned about tattoos around 1770. A famous English explorer named Captain Cook went to Tahiti. He saw people there with tattoos. The Tahitians called the decoration tatou. From this, we get the word tattoo. The Tahitians taught Cook and his sailors how to make tattoos. The sailors returned to England, and other people liked their tattoos. Soon tattoos spread to the rest of Europe. Many sailors still have tattoos.
Today, many different types of people have tattoos. For some people, body decorations are attractive. For other people, they are strange.
Where Is the Outback?
About one-half of Australia is desert. This area is the Outback. The name comes from the words "out in the back of the mountains and cities." The weather is very hot and dry, and the winds are strong. Sometimes there is no rain for many years. But when it rains, there is water everywhere. Not many people live in the Outback.
The people in the Outback have cattle or sheep farms. The farms are called stations. The stations are very big. Some stations are as big as a small country. Life is difficult because everything is far away. Sometimes it takes a day or two to drive to the next station. Towns are usually far away, too. People go to town once a week or once a month.
The station homes are very large because they have many purposes. They must be big so visitors can sleep there. Houses also have large rooms to keep extra things. Families buy a lot of food and supplies in town.
Life in the Outback is different in other ways. People get mail once a week. Children don't go to school every day. They study with a school called the School of the Air. The teacher and student talk to each other with a special radio. Most stations have an area for airplanes to land. It is like the station's own airport. Sick people call the Royal Flying Doctor service. A doctor gives advice over the radio. In an emergency, the doctor picks up the sick people in an airplane. Then they go to the nearest hospital.
People in the Outback are careful when they travel. Before a farmer travels to town, he tells a friend. The friend knows what time the farmer is coming. If the farmer is late, his friend knows there is a problem. The friend will look for the farmer. People must know how to do many things. They must know how to fix their car if it breaks down. They always carry extra gasoline, water, and parts for their car.
Life in the Outback is very difficult, but it is good, too. Here you are close to nature, and there are many unusual animals. You also have a lot of freedom.
What Is Canada's Favorite Sport?
Canada's favorite sport is ice hockey. All over Canada today, men, women, boys, and girls play hockey. Hockey began in Canada. But we do not know exactly how it began.
At first, hockey did not have rules. Then, in 1880, Canadian students at McGill University in Montreal made the first rules for ice hockey. These rules changed in 1911 and 1912. The new rules had lines on the ice to make special areas. There were also six players on a team. This is similar to hockey today.
Ice hockey is the world’s fastest game. Players often skate thirty miles an hour. They get tired quickly. Often, hockey players leave a game and other players come in. In hockey, players use a stick to hit a puck. A puck is like a ball, but it is flat. It slides on the ice. It is better to use a cold puck because it slides faster. Players put the puck in the freezer before a game. In some games, players use more than thirty pucks!
Hockey looks easy to play, but it isn't easy. Players try to hit the puck into the other team's goal. The puck goes faster than the players. Pucks go about one hundred miles an hour. Hockey is a dangerous game. Many players get hurt. Today, players wear special clothes to protect their bodies. The player near the goal wears a mask to protect his face. A player with no mask can break his nose or teeth. In the past, there were many players with no front teeth.
Professional hockey teams in Canada and the United States play in the NHL. This means the National Hockey League. The NHL started in 1917. Today the NHL has thirty teams in North America. Twenty-four of the teams are in the United States, but most of the players are Canadian. In the spring, millions of people watch the final hockey game of the year on television. The winner gets the Stanley Cup. The Stanley Cup is the prize for the best hockey team.
People around the world play hockey now. It is popular in the Olympics. But hockey will always be Canada's special game.