Read the story and translate it.
МЕТОДИЧНА РОЗРОБКА
для роботи над автентичною літературою
за фахом „Психологія”
для студентів I курсу психологічного факультету
Одеса-2007
Методична розробка призначена для студентів І курсу психологічного факультету. Основою для розробки збірник текстів “The stories of medicine and psychology” (London, Ladybird book, 1992)
Головною метою розробки є збагачення словникового запасу, розвиток навичок читання та перекладу текстів за спеціальністю „Психологія”.
Укладач:
А.О. Кононенко – канд.психол. наук, доцент кафедри іноземних мов природничих факультетів
Рецензенти:
Н.М. Ануфрієва – канд. філол.наук, доцент
О.М. Кіріченко – канд.пед.наук, доцент
Відповідальний редактор:
Н.В. Петлюченко – канд.філол.наук, доцент
Друкується згідно з рішенням кафедри іноземних мов природничих факультетів Одеського національного університету ім. І.І. Мечникова
Протокол № 6 від 26.03.2007р.
© А.О. Кононенко, укладач, 2007
UNIT 1
I. Read the story and translate it.
Before history began
It has long been known that Man descended from apelike ancestors. The process of evolution spanned many hundreds of thousands of years. Gradually he came down from the trees, learned to walk on two feet, lost much of his physical strength and, instead, developed a bigger head and brain.
The earliest humans lived on the cold, wet ground which they shared with the many strange and dangerous animals that inhabited the Earth at that time. They hunted for their food, using as weapons the teeth and horns of the beasts they killed and the skins to cover their naked bodies. They lived in small family groups, had no recognized form of speech but communicated with each other by grunts, gestures and punches.
As the years went by our prehistoric ancestors made three important discoveries. They found that a sharpened piece of flint could be turned into a useful tool or weapon, and later they were able to fit a handle to it, making it easier to wield. The discovery of fire was a further advance. Man could then warm and dry himself as well as cook his food. Fire was a means of protection too, because it helped to keep wild animals away.
II. Retell it contents in English.
III. Answer the following questions.
1. Do you agree that Man descended from monkey?
2. Walk on two feet is the result of evolution, isn’t it?
3. What was the life of our ancestors?
4. How did they survive in such dangerous and terrible conditions?
5. How did they communicate with each other?
6. What were main discoveries?
7. Why they were so important?
8. How do you image the prehistoric man?
9. The discovery of fire was further advance, wasn’t it?
10. What helped to keep wild animals away?
IV. Complete the following sentences.
1. Result of evolution was…
2. From our apelike ancestors we differ…
3. Humans hunted for their food, using …
4. As the tools and weapons they used…
5. The discovery of fire gave them…
6. The discovery of tools and weapons gave them…
7. Their clothes were…
8. They lived in…
9. The discovery of fire was…
10. Fire was a means of protection too, because…
V. a) Make up your own sentences with the following words and word-combinations;
B) Explain in English the meanings of the following words and word-combinations;
Apelike ancestors, inhabitance, horns, grunts, gestures, punches, flint, advance.
VI. Make up disjunctive questions
1. It has long been known that Man descended from apelike ancestors.
2. Gradually he came down from the trees.
3. The earliest humans lived on the cold, wet ground.
4. They lived in small family groups.
5. Our prehistoric ancestors made three important discoveries.
VII. Make up alternative questions
1. They hunted for their food.
2. He lost much of his physical strength.
3. The process of evolution spanned many hundreds of thousands of years.
4. They had no recognized form of speech.
5. They communicated with each other by grunts, gestures and punches.
UNIT II
Read the story and translate it.
Medicine by instinct
Early man, like the apes before him and the animals all around, was subject to illness, injury and death. Life was uncomfortable, dangerous and hard, and the average span of life was probably little more than thirty years. If he developed a sore or wound his instinctive action was to suck or lick the affected place. He found that bleeding sometimes eased the pain of a wound. Stomach ache, after too big a feast, could be helped by massaging with the hands.
Implements normally employed as weapons could be used to cut off mutilated limbs. It was noticed that fire, when used to cauterize wounds, seemed to prevent them from becoming fatal - if the patient survived the shock!
The small family groups broadened into larger communities. Germs and viruses had more opportunity to spread and breed in human bodies. Disease increased, as it does today in closely-living, unhygienic communities.
Instinctive medical activities later developed into ceremonial rituals which became as important as healing itself. They were performed by the leader of the community or tribe whenever a person became ill.