II. Answer the questions to the text. 1. What kind of sport is weightlifting?
1. What kind of sport is weightlifting?
2. What do we call the lifts currently competed in weightlifting?
3. What does weightlifting test?
4. Is weightlifting a full body activity?
5. How many weight classes for men are there in weightlifting?
6. Is the number of weight classes for women the same as for men?
7. When is a lifter allowed to have the second lift?
8. What is the rule of setting weights?
III. Put some questions to the text and answer them.
IV. Choose the correct variant.
1. Important steps before any competition starts are ___
a) weigh-in, verification of entries and drawing of lots
b) weigh-in and drawing of lots
c) verification of entries and drawing of lots
2. In weightlifting participants attempt a maximum weight single lift of a ___ loaded with weight plates.
a) clean b) press c) barbell
3. Athletes compete in ___ weight classes, determined by their body mass.
a) eight b) seven c) nine
4. When has weightlifting been an event in the Summer Olympic Games?
a) since 1896 b) since 2012 c) since 1905
5. In the ___, lifters bend down and grasp the barbell
a) clean and jerk b) clean and press c) snatch
IV. Find the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. weight plates, barbell, verification of entries, drawing of lots, the lot number, weight training, explosive strength, squat, weight class, snatch, clean and jerk
V. Give a short summary of the text.
TEXT 13
Vocabulary
| sport training physical education conditioning training to define goals to evaluate abilities to set goals intermediate goal long-range goal workout warm-up cool-down to maintain fitness aerobic capacity injury prevention protective equipment neuromuscular coordination cardiovascular fitness overtraining martial art increase performance overload training load retaining detraining resistance objective | спортивное обучение/подготовка физическое образование подготовка на выносливость определить цели оценить возможности ставить цели промежуточная цель перспективная цель тренировка разминка, подготовка заминка поддерживать физическую подготовленность аэробная выносливость/работоспособность профилактика травматизма защитное снаряжение нервно-мышечная координация приспособленность сердечно-сосудистой системы перетренированность боевое искусство повышение производительности сверхнагрузка тренировочная нагрузка поддерживающий разгрузка отягощение цель, стремление |
I. Before you read the passage discuss these questions.
1. What is sport training?
2. How often do you train
3. What makes a coach successful?
SPORT TRAINING PRINCIPLES
Whatever is your particular sport, game, exercise system, martial art or physical activity, there are basic principles which apply to increasing your performance.
To bring about positive changes in an athlete’s state, an exercise overload must be applied. The training adaptation takes place only if the magnitude of the training load is above the habitual level. During the training process, there are two ways to induce the adaptation. One is to increase the training load (intensity, volume) while continuing to employ the same drill (e.g. endurance running). The other is to change the drill, providing the exercise is new and the athlete is not accustomed to it.
Training loads can be roughly classified according to their magnitude as: stimulating, retaining, and detraining.
Progressive Resistance
Particularly applicable in strength, flexibility and endurance training, this principle means that as you improve it is necessary to increase progressively the demands you are making upon your body (i.e. gradually increase the intensity and duration of exercise).
Specificity
Training adaptations are highly specific. Specificity may be described as an issue of transfer of training. The closer the training movements parallel the kinds of physical activity you are training for, the more effective the influence of training on performance.
Symptoms
Overtraining can best be defined as the state where the athlete has been repeatedly stressed by training to the point where rest is no longer adequate to allow for recovery. The overtraining syndrome is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioural, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. The most common symptom is fatigue. The athlete may also become moody, easily irritated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport. Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include increase in resting heart rate, consistent elevation in the normal body temperature, persistent muscular soreness and stiffness, increased frequency of viral illnesses, digestive system problems, and increased incidence of injuries.
Personality of the Coach and Physical Education Teacher
Coaches often list many specific goals they hope to achieve when coaching their athletes. Usually, their goals fall under three broad objectives: to have a winning team, to help young people have fun, to help young people develop physically, psychologically and socially.
Successful coaches know the difference between their objectives for the contest, their objectives for their athletes’ participation, and their personal objectives.