КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА ПО ДЕЛОВОМУ АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ. Для студентов специальности «Правоведение»
Для студентов специальности «Правоведение»
ВАРИАНТ 4
1. Read, rewrite and translate the text in a written form:
Lawyers
As members of the legal profession lawyers usually play a major role in the application of rules of law and legal principles. Liberty and justice are abstractions that can only be realized when individuals operate a system in such a manner as to achieve them. The law can only work through individuals; it is not self-enforcing. Although courts and juries constitute the decision makers in our judicial system, lawyers play an integral role in our legal system. The practice of law is a profession. It involves a dedication to society in which the service performed is more important than any remuneration received for the service.
A lawyer’s first duty is to administration of justice. As an officer of the court he or she should see that proceedings are conducted in a dignified and orderly manner and that issues are tried on their merits only. The practice of law is not a game or mere battle of wits, but a means to promote justice. The lawyer’s duties to each client require the highest degree of fidelity, loyalty, and integrity. To engage in the practice of law is not a natural or constitutional right but a privilege conferred because one knows the law and possesses good moral character. The latter is a proper conception of the nature and duties of the office of attorney and also of the ethics of the profession. A lawyer is often actively involved in the personal decisions of clients, ranging from their business affairs and family matters such as divorce to their alleged violations of the criminal law.
2. Answer the following questions in a written form:
Why do we need lawyers?
How can lawyers be useful to people?
What do the lawyer’s duties require?
Why do lawyers play an integral role in our legal system?
How can the law work?
3. Write a letter of application in reply to the following advertisement:
Applications are invited for the post of Personal Assistant to
the Public Prosecutor. Two years’ experience in general court
duties. Knowledge of law preferred. Commencing salary will
be commensurate with qualifications and experience. All duties
must be performed with minimum supervision. Apply with
full particulars to :Secretary, Highcourt 11, Drummsheugh Gardens, Ayr, Scotland
4. Write a resume to fit to the offered vacancy.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА ПО ДЕЛОВОМУ АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Для студентов специальности «Правоведение»
ВАРИАНТ 5
1. Read, rewrite and translate the text in a written form:
Arbitration
Litigation is not the only method used for resolving conflicts and disputes. Most disputes are settled by the parties themselves, frequently with the assistance of legal counsel. Of the numerous reasons for settling disputes, many are economic because of the high cost of litigation in time and money. As long as each party must pay his or her awn lawyer, the cost of litigation will be a driving force towards settlements.
Arbitration is a substitute for litigation that is very important to business, especially in international transactions and in labour-management relations. In international business transactions, an arbitration clause in a contract determines the person or persons called the arbitrators who will resolve any controversies before they arise; the parties have thereby avoided legitation of issues relating to their contract in the courts of any one country.
Courts may be involved in the arbitration process if a party refuses to arbitrate a dispute that is covered by an agreement to arbitrate or if the losing party decides to challenge the decision of the arbiters. Arbitration is of special importance in labour relations where it provides the grievance procedure under collective bargaining contracts. It provides the means for industrial self-government that may arise in the workplace. The term submission is used to describe the act of referring a matter to the arbitration process. After the submission, a hearing is conducted by the arbitrator or arbitrators. Both parties are allowed to present evidence and to argue their own points of view. Then a decision known as an award is handed down.
2. Answer the following questions in a written form:
How are most disputes settled?
In what case may courts be involved in the arbitration process?
Can you explain the term “submission”?
What is a driving force towards settlement?
When do the parties avoid litigation?
3. Write a letter of application in reply to the following advertisement:
Solicitor wanted by the British Manufacturing Company.
Computer literate, British citizen, who possess a law
diploma, minimum of two years relevant experience, age
about 30, good command of two-three foreign languages.
Apply to : Mr. J. Matthews at 151 West Nile Street
London, Great Britain.
4. Write a resume to fit to the offered vacancy.