Slavery in the pre-Civil War American South most closely resembled
chattel Slavery
95. In an American town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. They sell goods to the workers at inflated prices, offer house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and make sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This most closely resembles:
debt slavery
One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______.
that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations
One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________.
its inherent ethnocentric bias
If a sociologist says that nations evolve towards more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy.
modernization theory
99. If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a:
dependency theorist
100. The racial term “African American” can refer to:
- a black person living in America
- people whose ancestors came to America through the slave trade
- a white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States
- any of the above
D
101. As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:
white privilege
102. Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:
stereotyping
103. What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?
Separate but equal
104. What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?
They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.
105. Which subordinate group is often referred to as the “model minority?”
Asian Americans
106. Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?
The Bracero Program
107. Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.
Islamophobia
108. Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?
- For a better life
- To escape oppression
- Because they were forced out of their own countries
- a and b only
D
Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is _______ than the family they grew up with.
at least as close
110. The majority of American children live in:
- two-parent households
According to the study cited from the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with ______ grow up with more advantages than children who live with ______.
one divorced parent; one unwed parent
Couples who cohabitate before marriage are ______ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least 10 years.
slightly less likely than
Same-sex couple households account for _____ percent of American households.
The median age of first marriage has ______ in the last 50 years.
increased for both men and women
115. Current divorce rates are:
steadily declining
Children of divorced parents are _______ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married.
more likely
In general, children in ______ households benefit from divorce.
high-conflict
118. Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)?
Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol.
119. Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States?
Neglect
Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________.
cultural transmission
121. The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________.
access to education
122. What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?
Tracking
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________.
transmission of moral education
124. Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that _____________.
racial segregation in schools was allowed
Public schools must guarantee that ___________.
per-student spending is equitable
Key predictors for student success include ____________.
socioeconomic status and family background
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.
social promotion
Malcolm X used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader.
charismatic
In the past, Southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a _____________________ test.
literacy
130. Which president signed the Voting Rights Act?
Lyndon Johnson
131. Which factor does not influence voting practices?
Voting booths
The U.S. Supreme Court case _________________ led to the revision of voting districts to account for differences in population density.
Reynolds v. Sims
133. Which statement best explains the meaning of “one person, one vote”?
Each voter’s vote should count equally.
134. Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory?
George H. Mead
135. Which is not one of functionalism’s four main purposes of government?
Equally distributing resources
136. Sociologist G. William Domhoff’s Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective.
conflict theory