Appendix 5 Irregular Verbs

1. be was/were been быть
2. bear bore born нести
3. become became become становиться
4. begin began begun начинать
5. blow blew blown дуть
6. break broke broken ломать
7. breed bred bred разводить
8. bring brought brought приносить
9. build built built строить
10. burn burnt burnt жечь
11. burst burst burst взрываться
12. buy bought bought покупать
13. catch caught caught ловить
14. choose chose chosen выбирать
15. come came come приходить
16. cost cost cost стоить
17. cut cut cut резать
18. deal dealt dealt иметь дело
19. do did done делать
20. draw drew drawn рисовать, тащить
21. drink drank drunk пить
22. drive drove driven вести
23. eat ate eaten есть
24. fall fell fallen падать
25. feed fed fed кормить
26. feel felt felt чувствовать
27. fight fought fought бороться
28. find found found находить
29. fly flew flown летать
30. forget forgot forgotten забывать
31. get got got получать
32. give gave given давать
33. go went gone идти
34. grow grew grown расти, выращивать
35. have had had иметь
36. hear heard heard слышать
37. hide hid hidden прятать
38. hold held held держать
39. hurt hurt hurt ударять
40. keep kept kept держать
41. know knew known знать
42. lead led led вести
43. leave left left покидать, оставлять
44. lend lent lent давать в долг
45. let let let позволять
46. lie lay lain лежать
47. lose lost lost терять
48. make made made делать
49. mean meant meant значить
50. meet met met встречать
51. pay paid paid платить
52. put put put класть
53. read read read читать
54. ride rode ridden ехать верхом
55. ring rang rung звонить
56. rise rose risen подниматься
57. run ran run бежать
58. say said said говорить
59. see saw seen видеть
60. sell sold sold продавать
61. send sent sent посылать
62. sing sang sung петь
63. sit sat sat сидеть
64. sleep slept slept спать
65. speak spoke spoken разговаривать
66. spend spent spent проводить время
67. stand stood stood стоять
68. swim swam swum плавать
69. take took taken брать
70. teach taught taught обучать
71. tell told told рассказывать
72. think thought thought думать
73. understand understood understood понимать
74. wake woke woken будить
           

Appendix 6

Word Formation

Префиксы
Префикс Значение Пример
a-, an- opposite; without; not amoral, antonym
anti- opposed to; against antifreeze, antidote
audi-, audio- relating to sound; relating to hearing audiovisual, auditorium
auto- of or by yourself autobiography, automobile
bi- two; twice bilingual, biannual
bio- relating to living things biology, biochemistry
cent-, centi- 100; 100th part of something centimeter
circum- all the way around something circumstance
co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- with; together coexist, collect, compassion
contra- against contraceptive
counter- opposite; against counterproductive
cyber- relating to computers cyberspace
de- to do or make the opposite of; remove from; reduce decriminalize, devalue
dis- opposite disapprove, dishonesty
down- to a lower position; to or toward the bottom downturn, downstairs
eco- relating to the environment ecological
electri-, electro- relating to electricity electrify, electrocute
em-, en- to make something have a quality empower, enlarge
ex- no longer being or doing ex-wife, ex-football player
ex- out; from exit, export
extra- outside; beyond extracurricular
geo- relating to the earth geology, geography
hydr-, hydro- relating to or using water hydroelectric, hydrant
il-, im-, in-, ir- not illogical, impossible, irrational
in-, im- in; into incoming, immerse
inter-, intro-, intra- between; together; within international, introduce
mis- bad; badly misfortune, misbehave
mono- one monogram, monologue
multi- many multicolored, multicultural
non- not nonsmoking, nonstandard
over- too much; beyond; outer; additional overpopulate, overhang, overcoat, overtime
poly- many polygon
post- later than; after postgraduate, postpone
pre- before prewar, preview
pro- in favor of pro-American
pe- again rewrite, redo, rewind
semi- half; partly semicircle, semiprecious
sub- under; below; less important or powerful subway, substandard, subcommittee
super- larger; greater; more powerful supermarket, superhuman
sym-, syn- with; together sympathy, synthesis
tele- at or over a long distance telescope, television
theo- relating to God or gods theology
therm-, thermo- relating to heat thermostat, thermometer
trans- on or to the far side of something; between two things transatlantic, transportation
tri- three tricycle, triangle
ultra- beyond; extremely ultrasonic, ultramodern
un- not; opposite unhappy, unfair, undress
under- too little underdeveloped, underage
uni- one unilateral
vice- next in rank below the most important person Vice-President, vice-captain
Суффикс Значение Пример
-ability, -ibility used in order to make nouns from adjectives that end in –able and –ible accountability, flexibility
-able, -ible capable of; having a particular quality manageable, comfortable, reversible, responsible
-al, -ial relating to something; the act of doing something electrical, financial, refusal, denial
-an, -ian, -ean from or relating to a place; someone who has a particular job or knows about a particular subject; relating to or similar to a time, thing or person; someone who has a particular belief American, suburban, librarian, historian, subterranean, Victorian, Christian
-ant, -ent someone or something that does something servant, disinfectant, resident, repellent
-ar, -ary relating to something muscular, customary
-ation, -tion, -ion the act of doing something; the state or result of doing something examination, combination, completion, election
-cy used in order to make nouns accuracy
-en made of something; to make something have a particular quality wooden, golden, darken, strengthen
-ence, -ance, -ency, -ancy a state of quality; the act of doing something intelligence, obedience, performance, tendency
-er, -or, -ar, -r someone or something that does something teacher, actor, beggar, writer, photocopier, accelerator
-ery, -ry an act; a quality; a place where something is done or made bribery, bravery, snobbery, distillery, bakery
-ful full of beautiful, harmful
-goer someone who goes somewhere regularly moviegoer, churchgoer
-graph, -graphy something that is written or drawn autograph, biography
-hood the state or time of being something childhood, manhood
-ial, -al relating to something managerial, coastal
-ic, -ical of; like; relating to a particular thing photographic, historical
-ify to affect in a particular way purify, terrify, clarify
-ish people or language; having a quality Spanish, childish, selfish
-ism a belief or set of ideas; the act of doing something Buddhism, capitalism, criticism
-ist relating to a political or religious belief Socialist, Methodist
-ity having a particular quality stupidity, regularity
-ive having a particular quality creative, descriptive
-ize to make something have a quality; to change something to a different state modernize, crystallize
-less without something childless, careless, endless
-logue, -log relating to words monologue, catalog
-ly in a particular way; at regular times slowly, quickly, hourly
-ment the act or result of doing something government, development
-ness used in order to make nouns happiness, softness
-ology the study or science of something geology, technology
-ory a place or thing used for doing something; having a particular quality laboratory, satisfactory, obligatory
-ous, -ious used in order to make adjectives from nouns dangerous, furious
-proof not allowing something to come in, come through or destroy something soundproof, waterproof, fireproof
-ship having a particular position; an art or skill membership, friendship, scholarship
-wear clothes of a particular type menswear, swimwear
-y full of or covered with something; tending to do something hairy, fuzzy, sleepy, curly
Перемещение ударения
‘export - экспорт to ex’port - экспортировать
‘import - импорт to im’port - импортировать
‘produce - продукция to pro’duce - производить
‘increase - увеличение to in’crease - увеличивать
Без изменения формы
a place - место to place - ставить, помещать
a rise - рост to rise - повышать, поднимать
a dress - одежда to dress - одевать(ся)
Чередование букв (звуков)
use [s] - употребление to use [z] - употреблять
house [s] - дом to house [z] - вмещать
a song - песня to sing - петь
food - пища to feed – кормить
Словосложение
ear + ring = earring серьга
some + body = somebody кто-то
any + where = anywhere в любом месте
well + paid = well-paid хорошо оплачиваемый
white + wash = whitewash белить
       

Bibliography

1. Countries of the world. The USA, Kathleen W. Deady. Bridgestone Books. Makato, Minnesota. 2001. – 24 p.

2. Cultures of the world. Great Britain. Barbara Fuller. Benchmark Books. Marshall Cavendish. New York. 2005. – 144 p.

3. England. Enchantment of the world. Jean F. Blashfield. Scholastic. Danbury, Connecticut. 2007. – 144 p.

4. English Vocabulary in Use: pre-intermediate and intermediate. Stuart Redman. Cambridge University press. 2000. – 270 p.

5. Foreign language framework for California Public Schools. Sacramento, 2003. – 63 p.

6. Longman dictionary of American English. Longman. 2004. – 1065 p.

7. Macmillan English Dictionary for advanced learners. Macmillan Publishers Limited. 2002. – 1692 p.

8. Phonics Pathways. Dolores G. Hiskies. Doorbooks. 2000. – 239 p.

9. Сборник текстов и заданий. ГСЭ.Ф.01 Иностранный язык (английский) / Исмагзамова Р.А. Уфа: БГАУ, 2005. – 26 стр.