Render the following text into English using the information and vocabulary from the texts above (Use dictionary if necessary).
Из истории Скотланд Ярда
В 1829 году первые лондонские комиссары полиции Майн и Роуэн организовали главное полицейское управление в помещении дворца Уайтхолл, в котором раньше останавливались шотландские короли при посещении Лондона. Отсюда и происходит название английской уголовной полиции – Скотланд Ярд (шотландский двор).
Англия столетиями не имела ни общественных обвинителей, ни настоящей полиции. Поддержание порядка и охрана собственности считались делом самих граждан. Но никто не хотел этим заниматься. Англичане предпочитали за деньги нанимать людей для охраны порядка.Каждый мог задержать преступника, привести его к мировому судье и предъявить обвинение. Если обвиняемого осуждали, то задержавший получал вознаграждение, что часто вызывало месть сообщников осужденного.
В 1828 году в Лондоне существовали целые районы, где обворовывали даже днем. На 822 жителя приходился один преступник. Около 30,000 человек существовали исключительно за счет грабежей и воровства. Ситуация была настолько серьезной, что министр внутренних дел Сэр Роберт Пил решил наконец создать полицию вопреки общественному мнению. Эта инициатива привела к горячим дебатам в Парламенте. Но в конце концов полиция обеспечила безопасность на улицах Лондона и завоевала доверие общества.
Supplementary reading
Text №1
1. Read and translate the following newspaper article.
Some new words to the text:
Trap ловушка
Decoy приманка
To reinforce укреплять
Saloon седан
Dim смутный
Dimly lit малоосвещенный
Trapping car thieves
A computerized decoy car is being used by the Warwickshire police to trap car thieves. The car is fitted with an immobilizing device which cuts the ignition and locks the reinforced doors and windows. A warning alarm then alerts a local police station.
The four-door family saloon is parked by the police in dimly-lit area, making it an ideal target for thieves.
The Warwickshire police are using the vehicle to help combat a 70 per cent increase in car crimes. Inspector David Fry, who is in charge of the operation, said: «Anyone attempting to steal it is in for a big surprise. They won’t know how big until it’s too late».
2. Answer the following questions:
1. Are there many car thieves in Britain?
2. How are they trapped in Warwickshire?
3. Who do you think developed this device?
4. Do you think this device is widely used in other counties too?
5. What is being done in Russia to combat car thieves?
Text №2
Read and translate the text. Use dictionary if necessary.
Police Powers
The powers of a police officer in England and Wales to stop and search, arrest and place a person under detention are contained in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. The legislation and the code of practice set out the powers and responsibilities of officers in the investigation of offences, and the rights of citizens.
An officer is liable to disciplinary proceedings if he or she fails to comply with any provision of the codes, and evidence obtained in breach of the codes may be ruled inadmissible in court. The code must be readily available in all police stations for consultation by police officers, detained people and members of the public.
Stop and Search
A police officer in England and Wales has the power to stop and search people and vehicles if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that he or she will find stolen goods, offensive weapons or implements that could be used for theft, burglary or other offences. The officer must, however, state and record the grounds for taking this action and what, if anything, was found.
The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 enables a senior police officer to authorise uniformed officers to stop and search people or vehicles for offensive weapons, dangerous implements where he or she has reasonable grounds for believing that serious incidents of violence may take place. The officer must specify the time-scale and area in which the powers are to be exercised.
Arrest
In England and Wales the police have wide powers to arrest people suspected of having committed an offence with or without a warrant issued by a court. For serious offences, known as «arrestable offences», a suspect can be arrested without a warrant. Arrestable offences are those for which five or more years’ imprisonment can be imposed. This category also includes «serious arrestable offences» such as murder, rape and kidnapping.
There is also a general arrest power for all other offences if it is impracticable or inappropriate to send out a summons to appear in court, or if the police officer has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to prevent the person concerned from causing injury to any other person or damage to property.