Instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1. – What you (to look) at?
– I (to look) at that picture over there. I (to look) at it for almost half an hour and I still
can’t understand what it is.
2. She (to sleep) for ten hours! You must wake her!
3. David (to repair) the TV-set. He (to work) at it for an hour or so.
4. David (to wash) his hands. He just (to repair) the TV-set.
5. Why you all (to laugh)? Jim (to tell) you his anecdotes?
6. It’s six o’clock. I (to wait) for Ann for half an hour. I must be off now.
7. What Mary (to do)? – She (to practise) the piano. She (to play) since 12 o’clock. I think she must have a rest.
8. Here you are at last! I (to look) for you everywhere.
9. – Why you (to smile), Robert?
– I (to watch) your kitten. What a playful little thing it is!
10. I see you (to write) letters all the morning. Is it the last letter you (to write) now?
11. You (to sit) here for a long time. You (to wait) for somebody?
12. – How long you (to study) English?
– For three years already.
13. I (to work) atmy report since Monday. Now I (to write) the conclusion. 14. Mary’s mother (to have) a rest in the garden all day because she is ill.
LANGUAGE USE
AND COMMUNICATION
Exercise 37. a) Complete these questions and add three more. Then interview your
Partner and report the results to the rest of the group.
1. How long have you been doing / playing (sport, game)?
2. How long have you been learning ___________?
3. How long have you been reading ______________?
4. How long have you been going to_________________?
5. How long have you been using _____________?
6. How long have you been living _____________?
b) Explain why.
– You look exhausted. What have you been doing?
– You look filthy (very dirty).
– You look furious.
– You look very stressed-out.
– You look incredible.
READING AND SPEAKING
Exercise 38. 1) Discussion. Why do you think there are so few really good films out
there?
Read the passage and see whether your ideas coincided with those of the
Author.
Do the people want commerce, or do they want art?
According to MichaelPowellpeople want art. The question is a really burning issue. Though cinema is now past its centenary what is produced remains in too few hands and is largely made up of banal, ephemeral and gratuitously exploitative material. There are (often well-known) exceptions where genuinely individual films have been made despite hostile systems, but given the volume of material produced these are too few and far between. Much of what passes as normal and unalterable is wrong, and can be altered:
§ squandering of resources on blockbusters and other vacuous production;
§ exploitation of large sections of the public into thinking pseudo-material is genuine and conditioning the mass-mind to think this is all there is, otherwise known as “dumbing-down pornography” of violence perpetuated by low grade minds, degrading the viewing public;
§ predominance of television over film and the deleterious effects of much television material;
§ ignorance of government, knowing nothing about film, nor how to meaningfully intervene;
§ absence of teaching discriminating viewing and limited teaching of practical film-making;
§ mindless presupposition that only feature films, rather than short films, are of interest;
§ systematic exclusion of truly independent film-making by the corporate moron mentality.
Concerning the last item in particular there is active dismissal of truly individual and subjective films and a presumption that this approach would harm the “commercial” performance of film. This is in fact not less than destructive and lying hostility to what is authentic on the part of envious and manipulative operators who wish to make sure the viewing public is kept in a state of conditioned and lucrative ignorance, for “commercial” reasons.
It does not have to be like this: it was discovered, from teaching film in rudimentary adult education conditions, that one answer at least lies in the subjectivity of each individual; this eventually led to the foundation of AFECT (Advancement of Film Education Charitable Trust). Much habitual, unthinking response seems still to exist that subjective equals bad and objective – good. The truth is that both these aspects are mutually essential, neither being able to realise its true nature without the other, despite any bias towards one or the other. Can a different climate of thinking be created or not? The answer lies in the spirit informing film: what are we seeking? – empty entertainment, distraction, escapism, sensation or a realm made possible by film alone, separate from all other means of expression?
In the world of cinema, though the scale of activity has increased, the numbers of those making individual films is still minuscule, despite the fruitfulness of such endeavour where it succeeds. The goal in founding AFECT was to enable such authentic individual film-making to thrive and now through the twenty-first century. Much can be done if the will is there – AFECT can contribute to this.
The process of making movies involves thousands of decisions. Each decision is a turning point with rewards and consequences. Every detail matters to the success or failure – artistically and financially—of the final product. While filmmaking is fundamentally a collaborative effort, one person often dominates that process: the producer.
Since the earliest days of commercial filmmaking, producers have had to manage the tension between what they think the public wants (which often involves sex and violence) and what they think the public will accept. In the late 1920s, the motion picture industry began self-censoring content in an effort to thwart intervention by the government. Over the years, that effort has evolved into the film rating system in use today.