Chemical Elements, Compounds

Unit 2

atom атом

atomic атомный

molecule[ ‘molekju:l] молекула

molecular[mo’lekju:la] молекулярный

positive положительный

proton [prei’to:n] протон

neutron [nju’tro:n] нейтрон

electron[e’le:ktro:n] электрон

ion[‘aj(e)n] ион

metal металл

element элемент

hydrogen водород

alkali щелочь, щелочной

base основание

acid кислота

alkali earthщелочноземельный

transition переходный металл

(с незавершённой внутренней электронной оболочкой)

amorphous аморфный

poor metalлегкий метал

(Их температуры плавления и температуры кипения отличаются от переходных металлов. Их электроотрицательность выше по сравнению с переходными металлами; лёгкие металлы являются менее твёрдыми по сравнению с ними. Они отличаются от металлоидов, однако, по их значительно большей температуре кипения они находятся в одной строке расширенной таблицы)

nonmetalнеметалл

gas[gæs]

gaseous['gæss ], ['gæs ], ['ge-] газовый; газообразный

rare earth редкоземельный

Chemical element	Definition
H	Hydrogen	composed of the Greek elements hydro- and -gen meaning 'water-forming'
He	Helium	the Greek helios, 'sun'
Li	Lithium	the Greek lithos, 'stone'
Be	Beryllium	beryl, a mineral
B	Boron	borax, a mineral [`bo:ron]
C	Carbon	the Latin carbo, 'charcoal'
N	Nitrogen	the Greek nitron and '-gen' meaning 'niter-forming' [`nitrdj()n]
O	Oxygen	from the Greek oxy-, both 'sharp' and 'acid', and -gen, meaning 'acid-forming' [`oksidjn]
F	Fluorine	the Latin fluere, 'to flow'
Ne	Neon	the Greek neos, meaning 'new' ['ni:n]
Na	Sodium	the English word soda (natrium in Latin) [`sudjm]
Mg	Magnesium	Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece [mag`ni:zim]
Al	Aluminium	from alumina, a compound (originally aluminum)
Si	Silicon	from the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium) [`silikn]
P	Phosphorus	the Greek phoosphoros, 'carrying light' [`fosf()rs]
S	Sulfur	Latin sulphur, 'sulfur' [`slf]
Cl	Chlorine	the Greek chloros, 'greenish yellow'
Ar	Argon	the Greek argos, 'idle'
K	Potassium	New Latin potassa, 'potash' (kalium in Latin)
Ca	Calcium	the Latin calx, 'lime'
Sc	Scandium	Scandia, the Latin name for Scandinavia
Ti	Titanium	Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology [ti`teinim]
V	Vanadium	Vanadis, an old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja
Cr	Chromium	the Greek chroma, 'color'
Mn	Manganese	corrupted from magnesia negra, see Magnesium [`magni:z]
Fe	Iron	English word (ferrum in Latin)
Co	Cobalt	the German word Kobold, 'goblin'
Ni	Nickel	from Swedish kopparnickel, containing the German word Nickel, 'goblin'
Cu	Copper	English word (Latin cuprum)
Zn	Zinc	the German Zink
Ga	Gallium	Gallia, the Latin name for France
Ge	Germanium	Germania, the Latin name for Germany
As	Arsenic	English word (Latin arsenicum) ['s()nk]
Se	Selenium	the Greek selene, 'moon'
Br	Bromine	the Greek bromos, 'stench' [`brumi:n]
Kr	Krypton	the Greek kryptos, 'hidden'
Rb	Rubidium	the Latin rubidus, 'deep red'
Sr	Strontium	Strontian, a small town in Scotland
Y	Yttrium	Ytterby, Sweden
Zr	Zirconium	German Zirkoon, 'jargoon ' [z:`kunim]
Nb	Niobium	Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology
Mo	Molybdenum	the Greek molybdos meaning 'lead'
Tc	Technetium	the Greek tekhnètos meaning 'artificial'
Ru	Ruthenium	Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia
Rh	Rhodium	the Greek rhodos, meaning 'rose coloured'
Pd	Palladium	the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time
Ag	Silver	English word (argentum in Latin)[3]
Cd	Cadmium	the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos
In	Indium	indigo
Sn	Tin	English word (stannum in Latin)
Sb	Antimony	composed from the Greek anti, 'against', and monos, 'alone' (stibium in Latin)
Te	Tellurium	Latin tellus, 'earth'
I	Iodine	French iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet') [`idi:n]
Xe	Xenon	the Greek xenos, 'strange'
Cs	Caesium	the Latin caesius, 'sky blue' [`si:zim]
Ba	Barium	the Greek barys, 'heavy' [`b:rim]
La	Lanthanum	the Greek lanthanein, 'to lie hidden' [`lannm]
Ce	Cerium	the then recently discovered asteroid Ceres, considered a planet at the time
Pr	Praseodymium	the Greek praseios didymos meaning 'green twin'
Nd	Neodymium	the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'
Pm	Promethium	Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans
Sm	Samarium	Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated
Eu	Europium	Europe
Gd	Gadolinium	Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist
Tb	Terbium	Ytterby, Sweden
Dy	Dysprosium	the Greek dysprositos, 'hard to get'
Ho	Holmium	Holmia, the New Latin name for Stockholm
Er	Erbium	Ytterby, Sweden
Tm	Thulium	Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia
Yb	Ytterbium	Ytterby, Sweden
Lu	Lutetium	Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris
Hf	Hafnium	Hafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen
Ta	Tantalum	King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology
W	Tungsten	the Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)
Re	Rhenium	Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine
Os	Osmium	the Greek osmè, meaning 'smell'
Ir	Iridium	Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow
Pt	Platinum	the Spanish platina, meaning 'little silver'
Au	Gold	English word (aurum in Latin)
Hg	Mercury	the New Latin name mercurius, named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr-, 'water', andargyros, 'silver')
Tl	Thallium	the Greek thallos, 'green twig'
Pb	Lead	English word (plumbum in Latin) [led]
Bi	Bismuth	German word, now obsolete [`bizm]
Po	Polonium	Polonia, the New Latin name for Poland
At	Astatine	the Greek astatos, 'unstable'
Rn	Radon	From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay
Fr	Francium	Francia, the New Latin name for France
Ra	Radium	the Latin radius, 'ray'
Ac	Actinium	the Greek aktis, 'ray'
Th	Thorium	Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder
Pa	Protactinium	the Greek protos, 'first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium
U	Uranium	Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System [ju`reinim]
Np	Neptunium	Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System [np`tju:nim]
Pu	Plutonium	Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System [plu:`tunim]
Am	Americium	The Americas, as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium
Cm	Curium	Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium
Bk	Berkelium	Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium
Cf	Californium	California, where the element was first synthesized
Es	Einsteinium	Albert Einstein, physicist
Fm	Fermium	Enrico Fermi, physicist
Md	Mendelevium	Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor
No	Nobelium	Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer
Lr	Lawrencium	Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist
Rf	Rutherfordium	Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist
Db	Dubnium	Dubna, Russia
Sg	Seaborgium	Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist
Bh	Bohrium	Niels Bohr, physicist
Hs	Hassium	Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized
Mt	Meitnerium	Lise Meitner, physicist
Ds	Darmstadtium	Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized
Rg	Roentgenium	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist
Cn	Copernicium	Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer

Acids