E) resources j) businesses

Most people earn their (1) __________ from the work they perform. Some people also receive income by renting or selling land and other natural (2) __________they own, as profit from a business or entrepreneurial venture, or from (3) __________ paid on their savings accounts or other investments.

In a market (4) __________, the basic resources used to make the goods and services that satisfy (5) __________ demands are owned by private consumers and households. Payments or incomes that households receive for these resources rise and fall – and that fluctuation has a direct (6) __________ on the amount consumers are willing (7) __________ for the goods and services they want.

Whether consumers are young or old; male or female; rich, poor or middle class, every dollar or pound they spend is a signal – a kind of economic vote telling (8) __________ what goods and services they want to see produced. Consumer spending represents the basic source of demand for (9) __________ sold in the marketplace, which is half of what determines the market prices for goods and services. The other half is based on decisions (10) __________ make about what to produce and how to produce it.

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Teст 12d

Вставьте в пропуски (1-10) предложений в тексте подходящее по смыслу слово (a-j):

A) a profit f) to earn

B) a bank g) offer

C) business h) government

D) provide i) deposits

E) growth j) to achieve

The way in which (1) __________ is organized and operates is determined by its objectives and by the type of economy in which it conducts its (2) __________. A bank may not necessarily be in business to make (3) __________ . Central banks, for example, (4) __________ a country with a number of services, while development banks exist to increase the economic (5) __________ of a country and raise the living standard of its population. On the other hand, the aim of commercial banks is (6) __________ profits. They therefore provide and develop services that can be sold at a price that will yield a profit.

Many banks (7) __________ a combination of wholesale and retail banking. The former provides large-scale services to companies, (8) __________ agencies and other banks. The latter mainly provides smaller-scale services to the general public. Both types of banking, however, have three essential functions, which are: (9) __________ , payments, credits. These three functions are the basis of the services offered by banks. They make it possible for banks to generate profits and (10) __________ their operating aims.

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Лексические тесты (для магистров)

WORK AND JOBS

1. Use a word from the box to complete each sentence. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use.

1. I ____________________ for Morgans the aircraft company.

2. I ____________________ the manufacturing plant in Cambridge.

3. I am in charge ____________________ the production team.

4. About 120 people work ____________________ me.

5. Coordination between production and design is my ____________________.

6. I ____________________ with a lot of people in the company and with our customers.

7. I’m ____________________ for a budget of over € 100 million.

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Write one word from the box below in each gap to complete the text. You may choose to use some words more than once.

“My name is Anne Scott and I work __________ (1) a public relations company in London. I leave __________ (2) work at 7 o’clock in the morning. I go __________ (3) work by train and I usually __________ (4) to work by 8.30. I’m always __________ (5) work till about 6 o’clock so I never get home before 7.30 pm. Last year I broke my leg and so I was __________ (6) work for over a month. I didn’t like being at home. I love my job. I would hate to be permanently out __________ (7) work.”

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In each sentence, write the correct form of the word given in brackets.

1. I’m responsible for __________ the design team. (manage)

2. I’m in charge of __________ the work of the team. (coordinate)

3. One of my responsibilities is to __________ sure that we don’t spend too much money. (make)

4. My team is responsible for the __________of new models for production. (design)

5. I’m in charge of __________our work for the whole year. (plan)

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WAYS OF WORKING

1. Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use.

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