Exercise 10. Match the words with their meanings.

  1. Shape.
  1. Куполообразная крыша.
  1. Attic space.
  1. Наклонная плоскость.
  1. Requirements.
  1. Фронтон крыши.
  1. Curved surface.
  1. Требования.
  1. Plane surface.
  1. Свес крыши.
  1. Pitch.
  1. Похожий.
  1. Sloped roof.
  1. Арочная крыша.
  1. Inclined planes.
  1. Форма.
  1. Similar.
  1. Конёк крыши.
  1. Underneath.
  1. Люкарна (оконный проем в скате крыши).
  1. Glazed opening.
  1. Наклон.
  1. Skylight.
  1. Под поверхностью чего-либо.
  1. Dormer.
  1. Ребро крыши.
  1. Hip.
  1. Криволинейная поверхность.
  1. Arched roof.
  1. Плоская поверхность.
  1. Dome roof.
  1. Мансардное пространство.
  1. Sawtooth roof.
  1. Застекленное отверстие.
  1. Ridge.
  1. Световой люк.
  1. Gable.
  1. Скатная крыша.
  1. Eaves.
  1. Пилообразная крыша.

Exercise 11. Choose the best alternative. Then read the text and check your answers.

1. Roofs may have any of a wide variety of figures / shapes.

2. Roofs are sometimes given circular / curved surfaces.

3. A flat roof has a slight pitch / hole for drainage purposes.

4. A pitched roof is formed by a combination of two flat / inclined planes.

5.

Fig. 22. Dormers
Some roofs may have skylights / gables for daylighting the building interior.

6. Roofs are often used to enclose attic / basement space.

7. Windows may be set in dormers / hips.

 

 

ROOFS

Roofs may have any of a wide variety of shapes. A specific shape may be selected because of appearance, need for attic space under the roof, requirements for height between roof and floor below, structural economy, or requirements for drainage of rainwater and shedding of snow. While roofs are sometimes given curved surfaces, more often roofs are composed of one or more plane surfaces. Some commonly used types are shown in Fig. 23.

A flat roof shown in Fig. 23a is nearly horizontal but has a slight pitch for drainage purposes. A more sloped roof is called a shed roof (Fig. 23b). A pitched roof (Fig. 23c) is formed by a combination of two inclined planes. Four inclined planes may be combined to form either a hipped roof (Fig. 23d) or a gambrel roof (Fig. 23e). A mansard roof (Fig. 23f) is similar to a hipped roof but, composed of additional planes, encloses a larger volume underneath.

Any of the roofs above may have glazed openings, called skylights (Fig. 23b), for daylighting the building interior. The roofs shown in Fig. 23c-f are often used to enclose attic space. Windows may be set in dormers that project from a sloped roof (Fig. 23c). Other alternatives, often used to provide large areas free of walls or columns, include arched or dome roofs.

Monitored roofs are sometimes used for daylighting and ventilating the interior. A monitor is a row of windows installed vertically above a roof (Fig. 23g). Figure 23h illustrates a variant of a monitored roof that is called a sawtooth roof.

Fig. 23. Types of Roofs