Sequence of Tenses (Backshift)
Артикли
A (an) – Indefinite Article, неопределённый артикль
Восходит к числительному «one», поэтому используется только с существительным в единственном числе
1 – Относит предмет или явление к разряду подобных, может быть заменён на «один из», «какой-нибудь»
He is a student Give me a pen
Используется
2 –при первом упоминании предмета или лица
They live in a new house
3 – с глаголами для выражения кратковременного действия
to have a talk to give a smile
4 – для обозначения временного промежутка в значении «один»
in a minute for a while
The – Definite Article, определённый артикль
Восходит к местоимению «this», правильность постановки может проверяться заменой на «this»
Используется
1 – Если существительное ранее упоминалось
For lunch I had a sandwich and an apple. The sandwich wasn’t very good
2 – Eсли из ситуации или контекста ясно, о ком или о чём речь
I cleaned the car yesterday (= my car) Is the coffee hot? (this coffee)
3 – если существительное имеет ограничительное определение
Did Ann get the job she applied for?
4 – если перед существительным стоит прилагательное в превосходной степени
It’s the funniest book I’ve ever read
5 – с единственными в своём роде существительными
the earth, the sun, the moon, the universe
6 – для обозначения специалистов, музыкальных инструментов и некоторых учреждений
the doctor, the guitar, the bank
Артикль не употребляется
1 – с существительными во множественном числе для отнесения к разряду (там где с единственным числом употреблялся бы “a”)
We are students
2 – с существительными в обобщённом смысле (можно заменить на
«любой», «любые»)
Hares like carrots Libraries are available now in the Net
3 – в устойчивых выражениях
at school, at home, go home, come home, to have breakfast, for dinner
While the auto waits (after O’Henry)
1 __ girl in grey came again to that quite corner of 2 __ park. She sat down on 3 __ bench and began to read 4 __ book. She had come here at 5 __ same hour on 6 __ previous day, and on 7 __ day before that, and there was 8 __ young man who new it. 9 __ young man came nearer. At that moment her book fell on 10__ ground. 11__ young man picked up 12 __ book and returned it to 13 __ girl, saying 14 __ few words about 15 __ weather and stood waiting. 16 __ girl looked at his simple coat and his common face.
“You may sit down, if you like,” she said. “17 __ light is too bad for reading. I should like to talk”.
“Do you know,” he said, “that you are 18 __ finest girl I have seen.”
“Whoever you are,” said 19 __ girl in 20 __ icy tone, “you must remember that I am 21 __ lady.”
“I beg you pardon,” said 22 __ young man, but – “
“Let's change 23 __ subject. I come here to seat because it is here that I can be near the masses of people. I speak to you because I want to speak to 24 __natural man. Oh! You don’t know how tired I am of all these – 25 __dinners, 26__ trips, 27__ parties. I am tied of 28 __pleasure, of 29 __travel.”
“I always had 30__ idea,” said 31__ young man, “that money can be 32 __ very good thing.”
“When you have so many millions! 33 __theatres, 34__ balls, 35__ suppers! I am tired of it,” said 36 __ young girl.
37 __ young man looked at her with 38 __interest. “Sometimes, continued 39 __ girl, I think if I ever loved 40 __ man I would love 41 __ simple man. What are you?”
“I am 42 __ very simple man. But I hope to rise in 43 __ world. I work at 44 __ restaurant.”
45The girl drew back. “I’m 46 __ cashier at 47 __ restaurant you see there with that brilliant electric sign.”
The girl looked at her watch and rose. “Why are you not at 48 __work?” she asked.
“I am on night shift,” said 49 __ young man, “may I hope to see you again?”
“I don’t know. I must go now. Oh, there’s 50 __dinner and 51 __ concert to-night. Perhaps you noticed 52 __ white auto at 53 __ corner of 54 __ park when you came?”
“Yes, I did,” said the young man.
“I always come in it,” 55 __ girl said,” 56 __ driver is waiting for me there. Good night.”
“But it is dark now,” said young man. “May I accompany you to 57 __ car?”
“You will remain on 58 __ bench for ten minutes after I have left.”
And she went away. 59 __ young man looked at her elegant figure while she was going to 60 __ entrance of 61 __ park. Then he rose and followed her. When she reached 62 __ park gate, she turned her head to look at 63 __ car, then passed it, crossed 64 __ street and entered 65 __ restaurant. A red-haired girl left 66 __ cashier’s desk and 67 __ girl in grey took her place.
68 The young man walked slowly down 69 __ street. He got into 70 __ white car and said to 71 __ driver: “Club, Henry.”
Passive Voice
| Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Modals | |
| Present | is told | is being told | has been told | can be told |
| Past | was told | was being told | had been told | could be told |
| Future | will be told | will have been told |
№1
| I - Put in the Passive Present 1 the office – clean – every day The office is cleaned every day 2 these rooms – clean – every day? 3 glass – make – from – sand 4 stemps – sell – in a post office 5 this room – not – use – very often 6 we – allow – to park here? 7 how – this word – pronounce? | III – Use the Present Passive or the Past Passive (clean) damage find give invite make make show steal (take) 1 The room is cleaned every day 2 I saw an accident yesterday. Two people were taken to hospital 3 Paper ___ from wood 4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms ___ 5 Where did you get this picture? It ____ to me by the friend of mine 6 Many American programmes ____ on British television 7“Did Jim and Sue go to the Wedding? No. They ____ but they didn’t go” 8 “How old is this film?” “ It ___ in 1995” |
| II Put in the Passive Past 1 the office – clean – yesterday The office was cleaned yesterday 2 the house – paint – last month 3 three people – injure – in the accident 4 my bicycle – steal – a few days ago 5 when – this bridge – build? 6 you – invite – to the party last week? 7 how – these – windows – breake? 8 I – not wake up – by the noise | IV – Correct the sentences 1 This house built 100 years ago This house was built 100 years ago 2 Football plays in most countries of the world 3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? 4 A garage is a place where cars repair 5 Where are you born? 6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? 7 Somebody broken into our house but nothing stolen 8 When was invented the bicycle? |
№2 - Translate
Мне рассказали Мне рассказывают Мне расскажут Мне уже рассказали
I was told I am being told I will be told I have already been told
Мне показали Мне показывают Мне покажут Мне уже показали
Нас спросили Нас спрашивают Нас спросят Нас ещё не спросили
Ему помогли Ему помогают Ему помогут Ему уже помогли
Ей посоветовали Ей советуют Ей посоветуют Ей уже посоветовали
Прибор починили Прибор чинят Прибор починят Прибор ещё не починили
№3 – Put the verbs in the necessary form of the Passive
German speak in Austria
This house build in 1885
These computers make in Korea
Passengers ask not to speak to the driver
We invite to Mary’s party
Aunt: And how Jimmy do at his history exam?
Mother: Oh, not at all well, but it wasn’t his fault. Why, he ask the things that happened before the poor boy bear.
№4 - Put the verbs in the necessary form of the Passive or Active
It was a sleepy sort of day, the class be half the usual size and the professor call the roll.
To each name someone had answered “here” until the name Smith call. Silence reigned for a moment, then it break by a professor’s voice.
- Hasn’t Mr. Smith any friends here?
The talent of Thomas Gainsborough, one of the most famous English painters of the 18-th century discover in an unusual way. As a boy he lived in the country and once, while walking near his father’s house, he see a thief climb over the wall of a neighbour’s garden. He looked at a man, went back home and drew a picture. It bring to the police by his father. The likeness was so good that quite soon the thief catch. The family of Thomas was poor, but after that case it decide to send him to London to study painting. An amazing thing that in the 19 th century the picture of Gainsborough “The pear thief” steal from the National gallery and never find.
A man at the theatre annoy by continual conversation in the row behind.
“Excuse me,” he said, “but we can’t hear a word that say.”
“Oh, replied the talkative one, indignantly. And is any business of yours what I tell my wife?”
№5 - Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences
1) I can't use my office at the moment. It ___ (paint).
2) We didn’t go to the party. We ____ (not/invite).
3) The washing machine was broken but it’s OK now. It ___ (repair).
4) The washing machine ___ (repair) yesterday afternoon.
5) A factory is a place where things ___ (make).
6) How old are these houses? When ___ (they/build)?
7) A: ___ (the computer/use) at the moment?
B: Yes, Jim is using it.
8) I’ve never seen these flowers before. What ___ (they/call)?
9) Some trees ___ (blow) down in the storm last night.
10) The bridge is closed at the moment. It ___ (damage) last week and it ___ (not/repair) yet.
№6 – Active or passive? Complete the sentences
1 – They ____ (build) a new air port at the moment
2 – These shirts are clean now. They ____ (wash).
3 - “How did you fall?” “Somebody me (push).”
4 - “How did you fall?” “I (push).”
5 – “I can’t find my bag. Somebody (take) it!
6 – My watch is broken. It (repair) at the moment.
7 – Who (invent) the camera?
8 – When (the camera/invent)?
9 – The letter was for me, so why ____(they/send) it to you?
10 – The information will (send) to you as soon as possible.
№9 Match the achievements and the people Pattern:The wireless was invented by Marconi.
Use the verbs: to discover, to invent, to write, to make, to sing, to compose, to design, to name, to build, to paint, to shoot.
| Mickey Mouse Greenland penicillin «A Farewell to Arms» St. Paul's Cathedral America the Vight bulb Oliver Twist the telephone «Aida» the Pyramids «Guernica» «Psycho» «Lord of the Flies» «Lord of the Rings» «Yesterday» the safety razor the Statue of Liberty «Porgy and Bess» | Thomas Edison Alfred Hitchcock Sir Christopher Wren Gustav Eiffel the Beatles Verdi King Camp Gillette Eric the Red Alexander Fleming Ernest Hemingway George Gershwin Pablo Picasso the Ancient Egyptians Dickens Alexander Bell Tolkien Columbus William Golding Walt Disney |
№ 7 Use the Past Simple Active or the Past Simple Passive instead of the infinitives in brackets.
1) They (to go ) into the storeroom where some of the goods (to keep)
2) The flowers (to bring in) and (to put) into the blue vase. The first thing which Dinny (to see) when she (to come in) were those flowers.
3) The book (to put) on the shelf. No one (to notice) it.
4) The matter (to forget) by everyone. But Jenny (to remember).
5) Mark (to forget) to close the window. It (not to take notice of).
6) She (to operate on) by a distinguished surgeon. Soon she (to recover).
7) He (to know) that the thief (to hide) by the darkness.
8) Tony's proposal (to turn down - отвергать), but he (not to ask) why.
9) 'Did they (to ask) you many questions?' 'No, the inspector only (to ask) me some not very important questions. The one which could cause us some trouble (not to ask).'
10) We (to receive) a lot of letters every day. Once we (to give) a letter which (to change) everything, though at the moment it (not to pay attention to).
11) The book much (to speak about). It (to become) a bestseller.
12) The patient (to take care of) well.
№ 8 1)Kerrie has paid the bill 2) I have eaten a hamburger. 3) We have cycled five miles. 4) Jane will buy a new computer. 5) Her friend will install it. 6) Millions of people will watch the film. 7) I can answer the question. 8) She would carry the box. 9) You should open the window.
№ 9 Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
I
1) I have opened the present.
2) They have not read the book.
3) You have not sent the parcel.
4) We have not agreed to this issue.
5) They have not caught the thieves.
6) Has she phoned him?
7) Have they noticed us?
II
1) Our boss will sign the contract.
2) You will not do it.
3) They will not show the new film.
4) He won't see Sue.
5) They will not ask him.
6) Will the company employ a new worker?
7) Will the plumber repair the shower?
III
1) We might play cards.
2) You ought to wash the car.
3) He must fill in the form.
4) They need not buy bread.
5) He could not read the sentence.
6) Will the teacher test our English?
7) Could Jenny lock the door?
IV
1) John collects money.
2) Anna opened the window.
3) We have done our homework.
4) I will ask a question.
5) He can cut out the picture.
6) The sheep ate a lot.
7) We do not clean our rooms.
8) William will not repair the car.
9) Did Sue draw this circle?
10) Could you feed the dog?
№ 10 1) We will deliver the goods immediately.
2) We arranged a meeting.
3) You have made a mistake.
4) We are processing your order.
5) Jane had booked a flight.
6) He has not answered our letter.
7) She did not sign the contract.
№ 11 The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wild
Chapter I
When the American, Mr Otis, bought Canterville Castle, everyone 1 tell him that this was very foolish, as the place 2 haunt. But Mr Otis answered, “I come from a modern country, where we have everything that money can buy. And if there were such a thing as a ghost in Europe, we would have it at home in one of our museums.”
A few weeks later, on a lovely July evening, Mr Otis, his wife and their children, Washington, Virginia and the twins, went down to their new home. Mrs Umney, the housekeeper, led them into the library of the castle, where they sat down and began to look around. Suddenly, Mrs Otis saw a red stain on the floor just by the fireplace and said to Mrs Umney, “I am afraid something 3 split here.”
“Yes, madam,” said the old housekeeper in a low voice, “blood 4 split on that spot.”
“How terrible,” said Mrs Otis; “I don't want any blood-stains in my sitting-room. It 5 must remove at once.”
The old woman smiled and answered, “It is the blood of Lady Eleanore de Canterville, who 6 muder on that spot by her husband, Sir Simon de Canterville, in 1575. Sir Simon disappeared seven years later. His body 7 never find, but his ghost still haunt the Castle. The blood-stain is a tourist attraction now and it 8 can not remove.”
“That is all nonsense,” said Washington, the eldest son of the Otis family, “stain remover 9 clean it up in no time,” and he took a bottle of stain remover out of his pocket and cleaned the spot. But as soon as the blood-stain 10 disappear, a terrible flash of lightning 11 lit up the room and a fearful peal of thunder made the whole building shake.
№ 12 Put in the Passive Voice
1) Rachel will give you some advice.
2) I sent him a letter.
3) The police officer showed us the way.
4) Our neighbour gave me a lift.
5) We have asked him a favour.
6) She told me a lie.
7) They have written her a postcard.
8) Kerrie will make you a cup of tea.
9) The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
10) They did not offer her a seat.
№ 13 Translate
1. Эту задачу обсудили на занятии. 2 Его воспитала сестра. 3. Не беспокойся, ему помогут в работе. 4. Ее слушали невнимательно. 5. Об этом эпизоде много говорят. 6. Этот мост еще строится. 7. Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад. 8. Это письмо можно написать за две минуты. 9. Мою подругу каждый год посылают за границу. 10. На вокзале его встречают, так что он не заблудится. 11. Над ним все смеются. 12. Когда были посажены эти яблони? 13. В институте его часто вспоминали и говорили о нем. 14. Нас встретят на станции? 15. Ответ будет отправлен через несколько дней. 16. Когда тебя спрашивали? 17. Перевод будет закончен через несколько дней. 18. Эта картина была написана в XVI веке.
№14 Open the brackets
Chapter II
There was a horrible storm that night, but apart from that nothing scary happened. The next morning, however, when the family (1 - come) down to breakfast, they (2 - find) the terrible stain of blood once again on the floor. Washington cleaned it a second time, but the second morning it appeared again. The third morning it was there, too, although the library (3 - lock up) at night by Mr Otis himself.
The following night, all doubts about the existence of the ghost were finally removed forever. At eleven o'clock the family went to bed and some time after, Mr Otis (4 - awoke) by a strange noise in the corridor, outside his room. It (5 - sound) like the clank of metal, and it came nearer every moment. Mr Otis got up and looked at the time. It was exactly one o'clock. So Mr Otis put on his slippers, went to the door and opened it. There, right in front of him, stood the ghost - his eyes were as red as burning coals; long grey hair fell over his shoulders and from his wrists and ankles hung heavy chains.
“My dear Sir,” said Mr Otis, “you must oil those chains. It's impossible to sleep with such a noise going on outside the bedrooms. I have therefore brought you this bottle of lubricator, and I will be happy to supply you with more if you (6 - require) it.” With these words Mr Otis laid the bottle down, closed his door and went back to bed.
Shocked, the Canterville ghost stood quite motionless for a moment, but then he growled angrily. Just at this moment, the twins (7 - appeare) on the corridor and (8 - throw) a large pillow at him! The ghost hastily escaped through the wall, and the house became quiet again.
When the ghost reached his small secret chamber, he took a deep breath. No ghosts in history
(9 - ever treat) in this manner!
№ 15 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple Active или Future Simple Passive.
1. Завтра я принесу новый фильм. 2. Завтра принесут новый фильм. 3. Мой друг поможет мне с математикой. 4. Моему другу помогут с немецким. 5 Я куплю мороженого. 6. Новые коньки купят завтра. 7. Миша попросит меня помочь ему. 8. Мишу попросят рассказать о своем путешествии. 9. Доктор попросит меня открыть рот. 10. Доктора попросят вылечить меня. 11. Билеты принесут завтра. 12. Диктант будут писать в следующий вторник. 13. Маму попросят не беспокоиться. 14. Маме дадут чашечку кофе. 15. Мама поблагодарит доктора. 16. Телеграмма будет отправлена сейчас же. 17. Ковер повесят на стену. 18. Книги положат на полку. 19. Когда пошлют письмо? 20. Когда проверят контрольную работу? 21. Как будут делать эту работу?
Past Perfect (had +3 form)
Используется для выражения действия, происшедшего
1) раньше другого действия в прошлом;
He understood that he had lost his way.
2) раньше определённого момента в прошлом.
We had arrived by 5.
Для перечисления действий в прошлом, а также для обозначения действий, непосредственно следовавших одно за другим, используется Past Perfect
№ 1 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 7. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 8. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 9. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 10. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o'clock. 11. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock. 12. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock. 13. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 14. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 15. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work. 17. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).
№ 2 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. Не (to study) French before he (to enter) the university. 2. Lanny (to say) that he (to get) his education in Cape Town. 3. The boy (to want) to act the main part in the play because he (to organize) the theatre. 4. Lanny (not to know) who (to attack) him in the darkness. 5. The girl (to be) glad that she (to find) a seat near the window. 6. Suddenly he (to remember) that he (not to ring) her up in the morning. 7. By the time the train (to reach) the city, he (to make) friends with many passengers. 8. When his uncle (to leave), he (to hurry) to the station to book a ticket. 9. She (to think) that Gert and Lanny (to quarrel). 10. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return) home. 11. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood. 12. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin). 13. When I came home, my mother (to tell) me that she (to receive) a letter from grandfather. 14. Where you (to work) before you (to enter) the institute? 15. By two o'clock the teacher (to examine) all the students. 16. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to leave) my report at home. 17. All my friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the examinations successfully. 18. Poor Oliver (to lie) unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave) him. 19. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to remember what (to happen) to him. 20. All the passengers (to see) at once that the old man (to travel) a great deal in his life.
Sequence of Tenses (Backshift)
Правило согласования времён применяется, когда главное предложение относится к прошедшему времени. В таком случае придаточное предложение может стоять только в одном из прошедших времён, независимо от того, каким временем оно переводится на русский язык.
| Придаточное предложение на русский переводится | Означает действие по отношению к главному предложению | Время придаточного английского предложения | Пример |
| обычно настоящим | одновременное | Past Simple / Past Cont | He told that he was going home. Он сказал, что идёт домой. |
| прошедшим | предшествующее | Past Perfect / Past Perf Cont | He told that he had gone home. Он сказал, что пошёл домой. |
| будущим | будущее | Future in the Past | He told that hе would go home. Он сказал, что пойдёт домой. |
Indirrect Speach
При передаче косвенной речи действует правило согласования времён.
The director said that he was pleased with the work.
При передаче вопросов порядок слов является прямым.
Mary asked how she could get the airport.
Передача общих вопросов осуществляется при помощи союзов if и whether.
The teacher wondered if we knew the task.
№ 1 Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках. 1. I knew that you were ill. 2. I knew that you had been ill. 3. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 4. We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning. 5. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, ho was very pleased. 6. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased. 7. We did not know where our friends went every evening. 8. We did not know where our friends had gone. 9. She said that her best friend was a doctor. 10. She said that her best friend had been a doctor. 11. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage. 12. I didn't know that you had worked at the Hermitage.
№ 2 Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола. 1. Не said he (is staying, was staying) at the "Ritz" Hotel. 2. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 3. He asked me where I (study, studied). 4. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 5 He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 6. Victor said he (is, was) very busy. 8. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room. 9. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 10. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 11. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 12. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 13.1 want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 14. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.
№ 3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени. 1. Не said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already (to find) the book. 3. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 4. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 5. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 6. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes. 7. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 8. I didn't know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 9. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 10. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 11. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 12. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 13. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 14. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well.
№ 4 Переведите, соблюдая правило согласования времен. 1. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 2. Он думал, что она не придет в школу. 3. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 4. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 5. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 6. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Петербург. 7. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 8. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 9. Ученый был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 10. Я знал, что ты приехал в Петербург, и полагал, что ты навестишь меня. 11. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон.
№ 5 Переведите 1. Я знаю, что он скоро придет. 2. Я знал, что он скоро придет. 3. Я думаю, что она будет спать в это время. 4. Я думал, что она будет спать в это время. 5. Она думает, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 6. Она думала, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 7. Она боялась, что ее друг не придет. 8. Они написали, что скоро приедут. 9. Я был уверен, что встречу его на станции. 10. Я думаю, что папа скоро напишет нам письмо, 11. Вам сказали, что в декабре мы будем писать контрольную работу? 12. Он понял, что никогда ее не забудет. 13. Я полагаю, что они вспомнят о нас. 14. Он говорит, что знает этого человека.
№ 6 Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках. 1. Have you found the book? (She asked me...) 2. Are there any more books here? (The man asked...) 3. Did she go shopping yesterday (I wanted to know...) 4. Has she bought the dictionary? (He did not ask her.,.) 5. Does she know the name of the man? (I doubted...) 6. Did Boris see the man this morning? (I asked...) 7. Have they sold the picture? (I did not know...) 8. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered..,) 9. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked me...) 10. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure...)
Gerund
Неличная форма глагола, называет действие, обладает свойствами существительного и инфинитива
| Active | Passive | |
| Simple | Reading is useful I like reading The computer needs reloading | We insisted on being informed |
| Perfect | I remember having done it | I remember having been shown the letter |
При выборе инфинитив/герундий после предлогов употребляется герундий.
Характерно употебление после глаголов с предлогaми accuse of, approve of, suspect of, hear of, think of, be afraid of, be fond of, depend on, insist on, object to.
№ 1 Tiger Hunting
A man who had traveled in Bengal was asked if he liked tiger hunting. “Well!” said the man, “I certainly enjoyed hunting tigers, but I must confess I hated being hunted by a tiger.”
№ 2 Use the Active or the Passive Gerund
5) Do you mind him (to examine) by a heart specialist? 6) He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 7) She showed no sign of (to surprise). 8) He had a strange habit of (to interfere) in other people's business. 9) I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment. 10) She was always ready for (to help) people. 11) He was very glad of (to help) in his difficulty. 12) On (to allow) to leave the room the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 13) In (to make) this experiment they came across some very interesting phenomena. 14) The results of the experiment must be checked and re-checked before to publish). 15) David was tired of (to scold) all he time. 16. The watch requires (to repair). 17) The problem is not worth (to discuss).
№ 3 Translate using Gerund
1) Он сказал, что никогда там не был
2) Скажите нам, если вы поедете за город
3) Интересно, нам разрешили это путешествие?
4) Мне нужно починить телефон
5) Наконец он прервал молчание, пригласив всех в гостиную
6) Подозреваю, что вы меня обманываете
7) Спасибо, что помогли
8) Надеюсь, скоро увидимся
9) Его обвинили не только в краже, но и в ограблении
10) Вы не возражаете, если я открою окно?
№ 4 1) They accuse him --- having robbed the house. 2) He never agreed --- their going on that dangerous voyage. 3) He did not approve --- her drinking so much coffee. 4) The teacher of mathematics did not approve --- his pupils dreaming. 5) All the happiness of my life depends --- your loving me. 6) I don't feel --- seeing him. 7) 1 insist --- being told the truth. 8) I object --- his borrowing money from you. 9) I stretched out my hand to prevent her --- falling. 10) My friend succeeded --- translating this difficult text. 11) She suspected him --- deceiving her. 12) The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood heartily --- having helped him. 13) He gave up the idea of ever hearing --- her. 14) We are looking --- --- seeing you again. 15) She always complains --- feeling unwell. 16) He persisted --- trying to solve that difficult problem. 17) The cold weather prevented the girls --- going for long walks. 18) Jane thought --- leaving Lowood after Miss Temple's marriage.
№ 5 Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 2. She tried to avoid (to speak) to. 3. The child insisted on (to send) home at once. 4. Do you mind his (to examine) by a heart specialist? 5. He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 6. She showed no sign of (to surprise). 7. He had a strange habit of (to interfere) in other people's business. 8. I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment. 9. The results of the experiment must be checked and re-checked before (to publish). 10. David was tired of (to scold) all the time. 11. The watch requires (to repair). 12. The film isn’t worth (to see).
III – Conversation
Character
How would you describe a person who
1- likes to talk with other people?
2- looks on the bright sight of things?
3- gives his or her property free to other people?
4- looks on the black sight of things?
5 - avoids communicating?
6 - never lends money?
7 - has a high opinion of himself and low of others?
8 - easily flies into a rage?
9 - tells the truth to others
10 - is practical in approach to life?
11 - never praises himself?
12 - is dreamy in approach to life?
What would you think of the person who says
1 - Ladies first!
2 – I can’t control myself when I should keep quiet
3 – I’m not easily put off if I have made up my mind
4 – Darling! I am never crossed with you, be it clothes, money, a car
5 – I always feel sorry with people who are in trouble
6 – I just love cucumbers with milk, Picasso’s paintings and faces with freckles
7 – I have got used to twelve hours work every day
8 – Whatever you may ask me to do for you, I will do it
Guess the animal bee, cat, cricket (сверчок), dog, dog, donkey, fox, owl (сова)
As cunning as a ___, as busy as a ___, as obstinate as a ____, as wise as an ____, lazy _____, jolly____, as merry as a______, as melancholy as a____
Describe with three traits your ideal friend, chief, neighbor, wife, husband, tell which trait you can’t put up with
“This person should be ___, ____, ____” “This person shouldn’t be ___, ____, ____”
| сheerful, merry - весёлый bore - скучный calm - тихий composed уравновешенный hot/quick/short-tempered вспыльчивый (dis)obidient (не)послушный еasy-going – легкомысленный touchy обидчивый arrogant надменный boastful хвастливый modest скромный self-assured – самоуверенный proud – гордый quick-minded, bright – сообразительный smart – толковый witty – остроумный wise – мудрый deep – увлечённый gifted – одарённый ordinary –заурядный awkward – неуклюжий, неловкий timid – застенчевый | оbstinaate –упрямый stubborn – упорный persistent – настойчивый amiable – дружелюбный faithful - верный frank – откровенный honest – честный sincere – искренний sympathetic – сочувствующий (un)reliable – (не)надёжный sociable – общительный cunning – хитрый gentle – мягкий, учтивый rude – грубый kind – добрый wicked – злой generous – щeдрый, великодушный greedy – жадный Industrious – трудолюбивый lazy – ленивый Idle – бездельник Worldly практичный |