Types of Fire (European Standard).
It is important to find out the type of fire because if you fight with a fire in incorrect way, it can only increase the danger.
| CLASS A | CLASS B | CLASS C | CLASS D |
| Fire of solid materials usually of an organic nature such as wood, paper, furniture, plastics, rope, etc. | Fire of liquids such as petrol, oils, paraffin, paint, cooking fats, etc. | Fire of gases such a propane, butane, acetylene, etc. | Fire of burning metals such as aluminum, magnesium, etc. |
ELECTRICAL FIRE: Electricity does not burn. An electrical fire is a Class A, B, C or D fire. After the electrical circuits are isolated, the fire is extinguished as normal according to its normal class.
| What is burning? | Fire Type | |||
| A | B | C | D | |
| Wood | ||||
| Petrol | ||||
| Wax | ||||
| A Television | ||||
| Manganese | ||||
| Paint Stripper | ||||
| Olive Oil | ||||
| Cupboard |
Exercise VII. Read about Fire Extinguishers and be ready to answer the questions.
A fire extinguisher is designed to attack a fire onboard in the early stage.
Water, Foam and Dry Powder
Extinguishers with water, foam or dry powder operate in the same principal. In each case water, foam or dry powder are stored in a welded container. When the valve is opened, CO2 gas has a downward pressure on the water, foam, or dry powder and forces it us a sphon tube and out through the delivery hose. The discharge is controlled by squeezing and releasing the operating head valve or by a control lever at the end of the discharge hose.
WATER – Use on wood paper, plastics
DO NOT USE on fires involving liquid (oils, paints, fats, etc.)
DO NOT USE on fires where there is live electricity.
FOAM – Use on liquid spills and liquid fires of oils, paints (Class B fires)
DO NOT USE on fires where there is live electricity.
DRY POWDER
Powder can be used for liquids (Class B fires). Powder may also, with the correct technique, be used to extinguish a high pressure gas flame (Class C fires). Dry Powder gives as fast flame knock – down, and may be used on fires on live electrical equipment.
True or False?
1. Extinguishers with water, foam or dry powder operate in the completely different principal.
2. Extinguishers with water can be used on fires involving liquid.
3. Powder can be used for liquids.
4. Extinguishers with foam can be used on fires where there is live electricity.
5. Dry powder extinguisher is user on wood and plastics.
6. Class C fires are extinguished with Dry powder extinguishers.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Exercise I.Translate the sentences paying attention of the functions of infinitives.
1. They wanted to repair the equipment. 2. Everybody knows the bulkers to be applied for carrying of bulk cargo. 3. I'd like to see the list of spare parts to be ordered. 4. The problems with an engine are to be avoided. 5. The main goal of a hull is to protect a ship from the damage. 6. Cargo is known to be taken only under the contract terms. 7. We suppose the fuel pumps to be replaced completely. 8. The ro/ro passenger liners are designed to carry a great number of passengers that is why the safety level on board should be sufficiently high. 9. To carry the liquid cargo the vessels have special tanks. 10. In case of emergency one way out is to call at any ports for repairs.
Exercise II. Retell the text “Fire prevention measures”.
Exercise III. Speak on the following topics:
1. Adequate action of the crew in their fight with fire.
2. Smoking is one of the most common causes of fire outbreaks.
3. Hazardous materials on the vessel. Should we be neglected?
LESSON 9. FIRE-FIGHTING
NEW WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS
| negligence list low visibility combustible / flammable transverse bulkhead adjacent to break out (broke, broken) foam extinguisher powder extinguisher fire axe fire hoses with nozzle fire bucket fire main shovel crowbar sprinkler | халатность, заключение крен плохая видимость легковоспламеняющийся, опасный поперечная переборка примыкающий начинаться, возникать (огонь), разразится (шторм) пенный огнетушитель порошковый огнетушитель пожарный топор пожарные рукава с насадками пожарное ведро пожарный трубопровод лопата лом сплинкерная система |
READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT
Fire-Fighting
Accidents can be caused by negligence of a crewmember or by external factor. The crewmember can choose wrong personal protective equipment or incorrect usage of life-saving appliances or fire-fighting equipment.
A fire doesn’t break out if you perform all the precautions. When a fire breaks out, you’ll try to restrict to its area. The larger fire is, the more difficult it is extinguished. The cargo holds often contain large amount of combustible substances. It is not always possible to restrict fire there. Special transverse bulkheads of the cargo holds prevent spread of the fire to adjacent compartment.
There is the following fire-fighting equipment on board a ship: ship’s fire alarm system, fire extinguishers, fire hoses with the nozzles, boxes with sand, buckets, fire shovels, axes and crowbars. For accommodation area there is automatic sprinkler system. The CO2 system is used in the engine room.
All the fire-fighting systems and equipment should be in good operating condition ready for immediate use. The deck department is responsible for all portable fire-fighting equipment, while the engine department takes care of all fixed fire-fighting systems.
ASWER THE QUESTIONS:1. What are the reasons of the accidents? 2. What
can any crewmember do to prevent the fire breakout? 3. Why is it impossible to restrict the fire in the cargo hold? 4. What fire-fighting equipment do you know? 5. What system is used on galley?
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Exercise I. a) Find the English equivalents in the text: пенный огнетушитель, потушить огонь, пожарный топор, легковоспламеняющиеся вещества, пожарный рукав, жилые помещения, пожарная тревога, порошок, пожарный шланг, поперечные переборки, распространение огня, отсек, лопаты.
b) Give Russian equivalents using words of the unit: fire hoses, to fight against, fire hoses, sand box, cargo hold, breathing apparatus, combustible substances, to neglect, crowbar, broken out fire, fire-extinguishing equipment, spot, precautions, fire bucket;
Exercise II. According to the Unites States classification of Fires there are only three types of Fire.
| Class Fire | Type Material | Examples Suitable |
| A | ordinary combustibles | paper, wood, cloth, cardboard, plastic rubber |
| B | flammable liquids and gases | gasoline, grease, kerosene, oil, spirits, solvents, some paints |
| C | electrical equipment | appliances, computers, wiring, fuse, boxes, power tools |
Exercise III. Translate into Russian.
1. There are three classes of fire. Each class has its own type of the fire extinguishers. 2. We use foam fire extinguisher to extinguish combustible liquids on fire. 3. Which types of fire extinguishing systems is used in machinery space? 4. On board of his last ship there were ship’s fire alarm system, several fire extinguishers and some other fire-fighting equipment. 5. Special teams fight against the fire on board of a ship.
Exercise V. Translate into English.
1. Я знаю три типа огнетушителей: пенный, порошковый и углекислотный. 2. Пожарные рукава с насадками, ящики с песком, ведра, лопаты и топоры – это противопожарное оборудование. 3. Какого цвета порошковый огнетушитель? 4. На камбузе, в кают-кампании и в каютах при тушении пожара используется сплинкерная система. 5. В трюмах и машинном отделении используется углекислотная система пожаротушения. 6. Огнетушители могут быть автоматическими или ручными, а также углекислотными, пенными, порошковыми и водными. 7. Пожары класса А вызываются горением таких веществ как дерево, бумага, ткани, пластмасса, резина. 8. Пожары класса А наиболее эффективно тушатся водой, но можно применить пенные и порошковые огнетушители. 9. Когда горит электрическое оборудование или бытовые приборы, экипаж должен применить углекислотные огнетушители. 10. На борту этого судна должно было использоваться следующее противопожарное оборудование: судовая пожарная сигнализация, огнетушители, ящик с песком, ведра, пожарные топоры и пожарные шланги (гидранты).
Exercise VI. Find right variant for each statement.
Fire prevention measures
| 1. Foam can be used on this type of fire. 2. You can’t use this extinguisher on an electrical fire. 3. This fire extinguisher has a blue flash. 4. These help stop fires from spreading. 5. You should use this on a Chip Pan Fire. 6. You must only use this on an electrical fire. | a. powder b. foam c. fire blanket d. carbon dioxide e. fire doors f. petrol |
Exercise VII .Read and translate the dialogue.
Seafarer 1: There's been an explosion in the engine room! Quick! There's a fire!
Seafarer 2: Call the Captain!
Seafarer 1: Engine room to bridge! Emergency! Emergency! Explosion in the engine room!
Captain: Captain speaking. What's the damage?
Seafarer 1: It's bad, Sir - there's fire and a lot of smoke!
Captain: Can you contain the fire?
Seafarer 1: I don't think so, Sir - it's out of control!
Captain: Get everyone out now! Do not attempt to extinguish the fire! Repeat. Do not attempt to extinguish the fire!! Sound the alarms immediately!
Seafarer 1: Yes, Sir!
Loudspeaker: Attention! Attention! This is your Captain speaking. Fire in the engine room! This is an emergency! Proceed to your muster stations immediately!
Loudspeaker: Attention! Attention! Fire is spreading! Prepare to abandon ship! Prepare to abandon ship!
Question: What is the emergency?
Answer: There is a fire in the engine room.
Exercise VIII.Tell about fire-fighting on board a ship.