Match the terms to their definitions. Write down a word and its definition.
Заочное отделение
Факультет «Юридический»
Контрольная работа
по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
для студентов 1 курса
Вариант 1
Translate the text in writing.
The Structure of American Courts
In the United States the federal court system coexist with the state court system. Each state has its own court system, and no two states possess identical court structures.
There are several types of trial courts in each state. Some state courts deal with minor criminal and civil matters, such as traffic fines, violations of local laws and rules. These courts often exist in every large town of a county. All matters that come before them are settled by the judge alone. If a jury trial is desired and permitted by law, the case must be transferred to another court.
Another tier of trial courts hears more important matters – felony trials where the defendant may be sentenced to a long prison term and civil suits that involve a greater sum of money, usually more than $1,000. In some states counties share a single court, which normally sits in one and visits the other counties of the circuit for short periods each year. Judges of these courts are always lawyers. All jury trials take place in these courts, although most cases are heard by the judge alone or are settled out of court.
Many states have specialized courts, which handle family matters, such as divorce and juvenile delinquency. Larger cities have special traffic courts to deal with driving violations that occur each year. Some cities also possess small-claims court to handle monetary claims of less than $500. Big cities often have special probate courts to handle the administration of wills and estates.
Federal trial courts are much more simply organized. There are relatively few – ninety-four in the entire country. Each state has at least one. These courts are called district courts and they operate over a large part of a state. The federal judiciary has eleven intermediate appellate courts as well as its Supreme Court.
State supreme courts pass the final decision for all cases involving state law; the federal Supreme Court renders the final judicial decision on all matters involving federal law or the Federal Constitution.
Answer the following questions.
1) Why do both the federal court system and the state court system coexist?
2) Why do you think there are several types of trial courts in each state?
3) Is it necessary to have specialized courts? Why?
4) What is the main function of federal trial courts if there is the state court system in each particular state?
5) Is it necessary that there are state supreme courts and the federal Supreme Court? Prove your opinion.
Decide whether the statements are true or false. If a statement is false, provide correct information.
1) There is the single court system in the USA.
2) Trial courts of a state deal with more serious criminal and civil cases.
3) Judges of circuit courts travel to other part of it to try cases.
4) The federal court system is more complex than court systems of states.
5) State supreme courts consider matters concerning with both state laws and federal ones.
Match the terms to their definitions. Write down a word and its definition.
| a.interpret b.jury c.invasion d.a justice e. innocent f.offender g. case law h.indictment i.injury j.trial |
1) someone who has committed a crime;
2) an official statement accusing someone of committing a serious crime, or the document with which this is done;
3) ordinary members of the public usually in a group of 12 judge a court case;
4) a judge in a supreme court;
5) the process of examining a case in a court of law and deciding whether someone is guilty or innocent;
6) to explain the meaning of something;
7) physical damage done to a person or a part of the body;
8) not guilty of a crime;
9) an occasion when one country’s army goes into another country to take control of it by force;
10) a legal matter that will be decided in a court.