Ex. 10. Study the different meanings of the following words and use them to translate the
Sentences.
a) means n - 1) средство
2) имущество, средства существования
mean v - 1) иметь ввиду
2) подразумевать
3) означать
1. Economists study how to use scarce means to satisfy our wants.
2. The word “money” means anything which is used as a medium (средство) of exchange.
3. Money is a means of exchange and a store of value.
4. What do economists mean by “purchasing power” (покупательная способность)?
5. The modern word “economics” has its origin in the Greek word “oikonomos” meaning a housekeeper.
b)cause n 1. причина
2. основание
3. повод
4. дело
5. судебное дело, процесс.
сause v - являться причиной
1. That was the cause of all our difficulties.
2. There is no cause for alarm.
3. That’s a lost cause.
4. He did much for the cost of science.
5. What caused the accident?
6. Damage of the goods may be caused by improper packing.
7. The ruin of the empire was caused by the loss of freedom and the growth of despotism
Ex. 11. Match words with their definitions.
| _____ economics | a. items of value that can be seen and touched. |
| _____ factors of production | b. takes business risks in hopes of earning a profit. |
| _____ needs | c. land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship |
| _____ services | d. where buyers and sellers are brought together. |
| _____ opportunity cost | e. goods or services essential for living. |
| _____ wants | f. items of value that cannot be seen or touched. |
| _____ market | g. not enough of everything to satisfy everybody’s wants. |
| _____ scarcity | h. study of how people use scarce resources to meet needs and wants |
| _____ goods | i. what one must give up to obtain a good or service. |
| _____ entrepreneur | j. goods or services which people would like to have, but which are not essential for a living. |
Ex. 12. Give the English equivalents to the following words and phrases. Recollect the
Sentences of the text where they were used.
сталкиваться с проблемой _________________________________
удовлетворять желания ___________________________________
делать выбор ____________________________________________
экономить ______________________________________________
ограничивать выбор ______________________________________
проблема нехватки _______________________________________
ограниченные ресурсы ____________________________________
удвоить доходы __________________________________________
истинная причина ________________________________________
финансовые ресурсы ______________________________________
уровень жизни ___________________________________________
отказываться от чего-либо _________________________________
способность к риску ______________________________________
рекламная кампания ______________________________________
“цена выбора” ___________________________________________
Ex. 13. Fill in the gaps using words and word combinations from the text.
Although there are a lot of g_______ on sale you have to l______ your choice to one or two. An example may help to show you why more m______ is not the answer to the problem of being unable to s______ all people’s n______ and w______. Even those c______ with more money are always c________ that the country is not p________ enough of l________ that they want to buy. The real c_______ of the s_________ of goods and services in a country is too few f________ of p________. Human wants are u________ but the r________ necessary to s________ those wants are l________. S________ is the i_________ between our wants and the m________ to satisfy those wants. In the p_______ of making c________ people, g________ will try to e________.
Ex. 14. Make up sentences with the jumbled words.
in / are limited / the factors of production / any country / in supply.
does not produce / and / printing / services / more money / more goods.
for government / exists / as well as / this problem / and / for individuals / businesses.
with / is found / scarcity / and / every society / the problem / choice / of.
Ex. 15. Work with a partner and decide how you would explain these notions to an
Outsider.
goods a bank note needs
a citizen luxury to economize
Ex. 16. Translate the derivatives and use them in the sentences that follow.
1. to apply, applied, application
2. industry, industrial, industrialized
3. scarce, scarcity, scarcely
4. to educate, education, educative
5. consume, consumer, consumption
A. Resources of water are _________________in hot and dry areas.
B. Engineers have found some _________________fields for this new material.
C. Television in any country has some _________________programmes.
D. Such countries as Canada, Australia and most European countries belong to ____________ countries.
E. The________________ of electricity by an average family has increased.