Ex. 1. Study the different meaning of the following words and use them to translate the
Sentences.
a) expansion n 1) увеличение (в размере, объёме, количестве)
2) распространение, экспансия; рост, развитие
3) расширение производства
b) to expand v 1) растягивать, расширять увеличиваться в объёме,
в размерах, в количестве
2) развивать, расширять
3) излагать дело в подробностях, раскрывать суть дела
1. When air is warmed it expands and becomes lighter.
2. Rapid expansion of private health insurance is one of the characteristics of market economy.
3. Each cycle of recession is followed by a new period of economic expansion.
4. Expansion of gases when heated is a law of nature.
5. The company has abandoned plans for further expansion.
6. The aim of this gymnastic exercise is to expand the chest muscles.
7. Our trade with China is steadily expanding.
8. The director plans to expand the firm into an international company.
Ex. 2. Match the words and word-combinations listed in the box with their Russian
Definitions.
| inventories, boom, to hire, depression, standard of living, expansion, layoff, business cycle, total output |
1. Периодически повторяющиеся подъемы и спады экономической активности в
капиталистических странах.___________________________
2. Состояние экономики, характеризующееся значительной и длительной безработицей,
снижением производства, и инвестиций.______________________
3. Резкий подъем деловой активности.___________________
4. Увольнение из-за отсутствия работы.______________________
5. Запасы сырья, материалов, топлива, готовой продукции.___________________
6. Общее количество единиц продукции, произведенное за определенный период
(например, год).__________________
7. Нанимать на работу за определенную плату.____________________
8. Уровень существования и материального благосостояния государства, человека.
________________________
Ex. 3. Group the following words into six synonymous groups.
| depression breakdown well-being to lay off | boom to fire to cut back job | to reduce storage slump prosperity | work bad luck inventories toil | stock to lower recession to dismiss failure |
Ex. 4. Replace the words in italics by synonyms from Ex. 3.
1. Businesses may fire workers.
2. Businesses may cut back their purchases of raw material because they have built up them in
excess stock.
3. In 1933 businesses went bankrupt at a record rate.
4. Reduction in production and additional worker layoffs lead to a slump.
5. When people speak of business cycles, they think of things like “well-being” and “depression”
Ex. 5. Translate the words and phrases given in brackets.
1. (На пике) of the business cycle (происходит резкий подъем экономики).
2. The rate of (банкротств) is very high.
3. The way to smooth out (экономические колебания) is not found yet.
4. (По ряду различных причин) consumers and businesses begin to reduce (уровни расходов).
5. Economists (предсказывают) that (производство будет снижаться) in the next few months.
6. After (периода спада) the economy (в конечном счете) begins (восстанавливаться).
7. Business may (временно уволить) workers, reduce (приобретение сырья) and reduce
production because they have built up (излишние запасы).
8. The period of recession is (низшая точка экономического цикла).
9. The worst depression in American history, is known as (Великая депрессия).
10. In 1933 numbers of people lost their (сбережения) because more than 4,000 (частных
банков) closed (навсегда).
Ex. 6. Translate into Russian. Mind the translation of prepositions “like” and “as”.
1. What a beautiful house! It’s like a palace.
2. What does he do? He’s a teacher, like me.
3. Some sports like motor racing can be dangerous.
4. Like the manager, she also has to make important decisions.
5. Everybody is ill at home. Our house is like a hospital.
6. The situation with sales has not been like last year.
7. Before joining us he worked as a sales manager for a cosmetic company.
8. It is not like them to keep us waiting for the deliver; they are usually very punctual.
9. After the company reorganization we started to work as an independent division.
10. As mentioned earlier this evening, we have a guest speaker.
COMPREHENSION