Ex. 4. Be ready to speak on the key ideas of these texts in class
■Vocabulary Study
Ex. 5. Stem the nouns from the given verbs:
| 1) | converge | – | |
| 2) | aspire | – | |
| 3) | exceed | – | |
| 4) | sustain | – | |
| 5) | refer | – | |
| 6) | deliver | – | |
| 7) | produce | – | |
| 8) | execute | – | |
| 9) | contend | – | |
| 10) | define | – |
Ex. 6. Form up the collocations on the basis of the texts:
| 1) | monetary | a) | business |
| 2) | global | b) | interests |
| 3) | business | c) | economies |
| 4) | political | d) | customers |
| 5) | foreign | e) | executives |
| 6) | local | f) | policy |
| 7) | key | g) | subsidiary |
| 8) | potential | h) | environment |
Ex. 7. Give the definitions to the following terms:
| 1) | globalization |
| 2) | a multinational corporation |
| 3) | a transnational corporation |
| 4) | a micro-multinational |
| 5) | GDP |
| 6) | a subsidiary |
| 7) | headquarters (HQ) |
Ex. 8. Translate the sentences:
A)
1) The French bank SOCIETE GENERALE said it was shutting down its Ivorian subsidiary SGBCI because it is "no longer able to ensure the short term supply of currency/cash to our branches".
2) The government has succeeded in persuading the country's multinational corporations to remain and invest in South Africa.
3) From 1 January next year, the government will also give a £5,000 subsidy to each electric car that is purchased in the UK.
4) Protesters set fire to government buildings, a police station, the ruling party HQ and converged on state TV offices.
5) Many members of the Barclays bank will not be pleased to learn that only £113m in corporation tax was paid whilst the bonus pool amounted to £3.4bn.
B)
1) Планирование и обсуждение создания новой штаб-квартиры Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. в Акроне, длящееся уже более трех лет, наконец-то вышло на новый уровень.
2) ВТО признало незаконными субсидии европейских властей компании Airbus, так как они препятствуют конкурентным отношениям в отрасли авиастроения.
3) Президент ОАО "Российские железные дороги" обратился в правительство РФ с просьбой о выделении дочернему предприятию РЖД телекоммуникационной компании "Транстелеком" частот под строительство сети четвертого поколения стандарта LTE.
4) Транснациональная компания Haier, крупнейший мировой производитель бытовой техники, чья продукция поставляется в 160 стран мира, в декабре 2010 года провела тендер среди российских логистических операторов.
5) The Gates Rubber Company представляет собой транснациональную корпорацию, в которую входят три группы: Worldwide Power Transmission – приводные ремни, Worldwide Automotive Hoses – автомобильные РТИ и Worldwide Hydraulic and Industrial Hose & Connectors – индустриальные РТИ.
UNIT II
FREE TRADE
 |
“Free trade is not based on utility but on justice”
Edmund Burke (British statesman and philosopher, 1729-1797)
Active Vocabulary
Asset
активы, имущество, средство
Bail-out
спасение (банка)
to beget
порождать, производить
Bilateral
двусторонний
Bolstering
укрепление
to boost
повышать, активизировать, способствовать росту
Bound tariffs
связанные тарифы
Breakthrough
прорыв, достижение
Capital flow
движение капитала
Cash-strapped
безденежный
Cheer
настроение,
веселье, радость
Consequence
следствие, последствие
todeteriorate
ухудшаться, портиться, разрушаться
todisrupt
разрушать, срывать, подрывать
toemerge
возникать, появляться
toeschew
избегать, сторониться
to falter
колебаться, спотыкаться
Fealty
верность (вассала феодалу)
toflee
бежать, избегать, исчезать
to go bust
разоряться,
оставаться без копейки
Hue
оттенок, цвет
Multilateral
многосторонний
Net private capital flow
чистый приток частного капитала
Plausible
правдоподобный
toplunge
погружать(ся)
Retaliation
возмездие, отплата
Scope
сфера, рамки, масштаб, возможности
toshrink
сокращать(ся), сжимать(ся)
toshrivel
высыхать,
вянуть, делать(ся) бесполезным
toslump
резко падать
Surplus
избыток,
излишек, профицит
totempt
искушать,
соблазнять,
проверять
Transparency
принцип прозрачности
totriple
утраивать(ся)
to tumble
опрокидывать,
падать, рушиться
Unilateral
односторонний
towrench
искажать, выворачивать
Text I
■ Skimming
Ex. 1. Skim the article below and choose the right topic for it:
a) Regulations of the World Trade Organization.
b) Free trade problems today.
c) Milestones of world economy.
******
(1) This Christmas the world economy offers few reasons for good cheer. As credit contracts and asset prices plunge, demand across the globe is shrivelling. Rich countries collectively face the severest recession since the Second World War... And conditions are deteriorating fast too in emerging economies, which have been whacked by tumbling exports and the drying-up of foreign finance.
(2) This news is bad enough in itself; but it also poses the biggest threat to open markets in the modern era of globalization. For the first time in more than a generation, two of the engines of global integration—trade and capital flows—are simultaneously shifting into reverse. The World Bank says that net private capital flows to emerging economies in 2009 are likely to be only half the record $1 trillion of 2007, while global trade volumes will shrink for the first time since 1982.
(3) This twin shift will force wrenching adjustments. Countries that have relied on exports to drive growth, from China to Germany, will slump unless they can boost domestic demand quickly. The flight of private capital means emerging economies with current-account deficits face a drought of financing as well as export earnings. There is a risk that in their discomfort governments turn to an old, but false, friend: protectionism. Integration has less appeal when pain rather than prosperity is ricocheting across borders. It will be tempting to prop up domestic jobs and incomes by diverting demand from abroad with export subsidies, tariffs and cheaper currencies.
(4) The lessons of history, though, are clear. The economic isolationism of the 1930s, epitomised by America’s Smoot-Hawley tariff*, cruelly intensified the Depression. To be sure, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its multilateral trading rules are a bulwark against protection on that scale. But today’s globalised economy, with far-flung supply chains and just-in-time delivery, could be disrupted by policies much less dramatic than the Smoot-Hawley act. A modest shift away from openness—well within the WTO’s rules—would be enough to turn the recession of 2009 much nastier. Incremental protection of that sort is, alas, all too plausible.
* The Tariff Act of 1930, otherwise known as the Smoot–Hawley Tariff was an act, sponsored by United States Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley, and signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.
■ Scanning
Ex. 2. Guess the meaning of the following phrases taken from the text:
1) to prop up domestic jobs and incomes (3)
2) far-flung supply chains (4)
3) incremental protection (4)
4) whacked by smth. (1)
5) ricocheting across borders (3)
Ex. 3. Find the synonyms from the text above to the following words and phrases:
1) attraction (3)
2) decline (1)
3) at the same time (2)
4) represented by smth. (4)
5) change (4)
6) work places within the home country (3)
7) pillar (4)
8) countries with the developing economy (1)
Ex. 4. Look through the article again and find the answers to the following questions:
1) What two elements of global integration are mentioned in the text?
2) What countries have been suffering most of all since 40s of the 20th century?
3) What can help the countries that relied too much on the export?
4) What is considered to be the bastion for the free trade?
5) What countries can turn to the policy of protectionism?