Переведите следующие сочетания слов
а) курсы по расширенной программе
б) рудоносные отложения
в) средства производства
г) горный факультет
д) открытые горные работы
e) опытный инженер
ж) администрация колледжа
з) поощрять студентов
и) отвечать требованиям университета
к) наука об управлении
1. зависеть от условий
2. значить, означать
3. признать необходимость (чего-л.)
4. ежегодная производительность (шахты)
5. начальник шахты
6. добывающая промышленность
7. представлять особую важность
8. механика горных пород
9. единственный карьер
10.основывать факультет (школу, систему и т.д.)
ТЕКСТ В
In the USA the basic aim of technical higher education is the training of qualified specialists in a selected field of technology.
In the field of technical education they have a three-part programme: 1) The University programme for engineers and scientists. 2) The technical institute 'programme for engineering technicians. 3) The vocational trade programme.
The students can get mining education at special colleges and at mining departments of universities. For example, one of the oldest mining schools in the USA is the Colorado School of Mines. Early mining operations in the Territory of Colorado emphasized the need for a college to train mining engineers.
The Colorado School of Mines is situated in the mineral-producing area of the Rocky Mountains. The area is rich in non-ferrous metals such as molybdenum, vanadium, zinc and other deposits. Besides, Colorado has processing (dressing) plants, petroleum refineries and steel plants. Many coal mines are in operation throughout the area.
The field of study includes earth sciences (geology, geochemistry, geophysics and others) and engineering. The students may specialize in petrology, mineral deposits, mining engineering and other disciplines.
Field work is an important part of training. All students take part in a summer field course during their undergraduate programme. Geology laboratories are available within the Department of Geology for study and research.
The mining engineering students study the basic sciences, principles and technologies of mineral exploration, underground and surface operations, rock mechanics, mine ventilation, surveying, mine safety and operating research. The Department operates the experimental mine. It is a large and well-equipped laboratory for teaching and research in mining operations.
The education is fee-paying. The School collects fees at the beginning of each semester. Semester fees include fees for health service, athletics, student centre and others. A student will not be allowed to take final examinations or be graduated if he (or she) has debts (долги) to the college.
During their course of training the students may visit surface and underground mines, oil fields, dressing plants and regions of geological interest.
A study of current curricula shows that the average American engineer receives only 10% of geology and 25% of mining in his (or her) undergraduate education in mining. As a rule, mining engineering programmes include: Liberal arts — 20%; Basic sciences — 25%; General engineering — 20%; Geology — 10%; Mining — 25%.
А.М. Terpigorev (1873-1959)
Academician A.M. Terpigorev is a well-known mining engineer who successfully combined his practical experience with scientific research. He was bom in 1873 in Tambov. In 1892 he finished school with honours1 and decided to get a higher education. He chose the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg, passed all the entrance examinations successfully and became a student of the Mining Institute.
At the Institute he studied the full range of subjects2 relating to metallurgy, mining and mining mechanics.
At that time students' specialization was based on3 descriptive courses and elementary practical training. One of the best lecturers was A. P. Karpinsky. His lectures on historical geology were very popular.
During his practical training Terpigorev visited mines and saw that the miners' work was very difficult. While he was working in the Donbas he collected material for his graduation paper which he soon defended. The Mining of flat seams in the Donbas was carefully studied and described in it.
In 1897 Terpigorev graduated from the Institute with a first-class diploma of a mining engineer.
His first job as a mining engineer was at the Sulin mines where he worked for more than three years first as Assistant Manager and later as Manager.
From 1900 till 1922 Terpigorev worked at the Yekaterinoslav Mining Institute (now the Mining Institute in Dnepropetrovsk).
In 1922 he accepted an offer to take charge of the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Academy and moved to Moscow. From 1930 he headed the chairs5 of Mining Transport and Mining of Bedded Deposits at the Moscow Mining Institute.
Academician Terpigorev took a particular interest in mine safety. As a result of his investigations a series of safety measures in gassy collieries was worked out. For some time he was working on the problem of fire damp, the most harmful and dangerous of all the gases in mines.
His two-volume work Coal Mining and Mine Transport Facilities is a full description of the state of mechanization and the economy of the Donbas. His other works are about mining transport facilities, mechanization of coal mining and mining machinery. He is one of the pioneers in scientific methods of coal gasification.
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1. After school Terpigorev decided to work in a mine.
2. Terpigorev collected material for his graduation paper which dealt with mining thick seams in the Donbas.
3. For more than three years Terpigorev worked at the Sulin mines.
4. In 1922 Terpigorev accepted an offer to take charge of the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Institute.
5. He investigated the problems of mine safety.
6. He was one of the first to work on the problem of gasification of coal.
2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. When and where was Terpigorev born?
2. What institute did he graduate from?
3. What material did he collect while he was working in the Donbas?
4. Where did Terpigorev work from 1900 till 1922?
5. At what institute did Terpigorev head the chair of Mining Bedded Deposits?
6. What did Terpigorev take a particular interest in?
7. What works by Terpigorev do you know?
8. What problems do Terpigorev's works deal with?
9. What was the result of his investigations on mine safety?