Definition; to contain; to include; main; transition

Usually, organometallic compounds are considered __________ the M-C-H group. The metal (M) in these species can either be a _________ group element or a ________ metal. Operationally, the _________ of an organometallic compound is more relaxed ___________ also highly lipophilic complexes.

Lesson 5

Read the text: Different types of compounds. Part III.

Cluster compounds

Decaborane is a powerfully toxic cluster compound of boron. Iron-sulfur clusters are central components of iron-sulfur proteins, essential for human metabolism.

Clusters can be found in all classes of chemical compounds. According to the commonly accepted definition, a cluster consists minimally of a triangular set of atoms that are directly bonded to each other. But metal-metal bonded dimetallic complexes are highly relevant to the area. Clusters occur in "pure" inorganic systems, organometallic chemistry, main group chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry. The distinction between very large clusters and bulk solids is increasingly blurred. This interface is the chemical basis of nanoscience or nanotechnology and specifically arise from the study of quantum size effects in cadmium selenide clusters. Thus, large clusters can be described as an array of bound atoms intermediate in character between a molecule and a solid.
Examples: Fe₃(CO)₁₂, B₁₀H₁₄, [Mo₆Cl₁₄]²⁻, 4Fe-4S

Bioinorganic compounds

The octahedral cobalt centre of Vitamin B₁₂. These compounds occur (by definition) in nature, but the subfield includes anthropogenic species, such as pollutants and drugs, e.g. Cisplatin. The field includes many compounds, e.g. the phosphates in DNA, but also metal complexes containing ligands that range from biological macromolecules, commonly peptides, to ill-defined species such as humic acid, and to water (e.g. coordinated to gadolinium complexes employed for MRI).

· Examples: hemoglobin, methylmercury, carboxypeptidase

Solid state compounds

YBa₂Cu₃O₇, or YBCO, is a high temperature superconductor able to levitate above a magnet when colder than its critical temperature of about 90 K (−183°C).

This important area focuses on structure, bonding, and the physical properties of materials. In practice, solid state inorganic chemistry uses techniques such as crystallography to gain an understanding of the properties that result from collective interactions between the subunits of the solid. Included in solid state chemistry are metals and their alloys or intermetallic derivatives. Related fields are condensed matter physics, mineralogy, and materials science.

· Examples: silicon chips, zeolites, YBa₂Cu₃O₇

I. Reading Exercises:

Exercise 1.Read and memorize using a dictionary:

cluster compounds, triangular set of atoms, dimetallic complex, distinction, interface nanotechnology, quantum size effect, array, anthropogenic species, ill-defined species, solid state inorganic chemistry, superconductor, collective interaction, alloy, intermetallic derivatives, condensed matter physics

Exercise 2.Answer the questions:

1) What is the distinction between large clusters and bulk solids?

2) What kinds of clusters form the basis of nanotechnology?

3) What does the field of bioinorganic compounds include?

4) What technique does solid state inorganic chemistry use?

Exercise 3.Match the left part with the right:

1. Included in solid state chemistry are	a) includes anthropogenic species such as pollutants and drugs.
2. This important area focuses on bioinorganic chemistry	b) metals and their alloys or intermetallic derivatives.
3. The subfield of bioinorganic chemistry	c) highly relevant to the area.
4. Metal-metal bounded dimetallic complexes are	d) structure, bonding and the physical properties of materials.

II. Speaking Exercises:

Exercise 1.Describe cluster; nanotechnology; ligands; superconductor; subunitsusing the suggested words and expressionsas in example:

Cluster

commonly accepted definition; minimally; triangular set of atoms; directly bonded; dimetallic complexes

example: According to the commonly accepted definition, a cluster consists minimally of a triangular set of atoms that are directly bonded to each other. But metal-metal bonded dimetallic complexes are highly relevant to the area.

Nanotechnology

distinction; large clusters; bulk solids; chemical basis; quantum size effects; cadmium selenide clusters

Ligands

metal complexes; biological macromolecules; ill-defined species; water

Superconductor

high temperature; levitate; critical temperature

Subunits

properties; collective interaction; solid

III. Writing Exercises:

Exercise 1.Complete the sentences with the suggested words: