Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4
По английскому языку для студентов заочного факультета
Для выполнения контрольной работы необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал:
- Видовременные формы глагола действительного и страдательного залога (повтор.)
- Неличные формы глагола:
а) инфинитив
б) причастие
в) герундий
3. Сослагательное наклонение. Типы условных предложений.
Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним.
Culture as an Iceberg
Many people question what culture is. How can it be defined? What analogies can be used to describe it? In intercultural training one of the questions that is often asked of participants is to think what culture means to them. What picture can they draw to describe it? Whether they draw a tree, cauldron, plate of food or a tapestry they are all valid as culture means different things to different people. In essence what they are trying to describe is something that is made up of lots of things and is multifaceted.
Within intercultural training though there is one model or analogy of culture that most agree sums up the concept best; and that is the iceberg. The iceberg perhaps lends itself best to this as it so graphically demonstrates the idea of having both a visible and invisible structure. Furthermore, the fate of the Titanic, whose crew failed to appreciate the true size of the unseen part of the iceberg, adds another dimension in illustrating to people within intercultural training what can happen when this is ignored.
The iceberg has the visible tip. These are the areas of culture that we can see manifest in the physical sense. In addition, more often than not these are the elements that we come into contact with first when diving into a new country or culture. Such "visible" elements include things such as music, dress, dance, architecture, language, food, gestures, greetings, behaviours, devotional practices, art and more. In addition it can also relate to behaviours such as seeing people ignoring red traffic lights, spitting on the floor, smoking in public or queuing for a bus. All, depending on your own culture, may come across as weird, strange, rude, ignorant or simply silly.
None of the visible elements can ever make real sense without understanding the drivers behind them; and these are hidden on the bottom side of the iceberg, the invisible side. It is these invisible elements that are the underlying causes of what manifest on the visible side. So, when thinking about culture, the bottom side of the iceberg will include things such as religious beliefs, worldviews, rules of relationships, approach to the family, motivations, tolerance for change, attitudes to rules, communication styles, modes of thinking, comfort with risk, the difference between public and private, gender differences and more.
1. What does the iceberg graphically demonstrate?
2. The iceberg has the visible tip, doesn’t it?
3. What do visible elements include?
4. What will the bottom side of the iceberg include?
2. Письменно переведите выделенные 3ий и 4ый абзацы текста.
Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений.
1. В сущности
2. Видимая верхушка
3. Сферы культуры
4. Подводная часть айсберга
5. Религиозные убеждения
6. Терпимость
7. Стили общения
8. Мировоззрение
Составьте вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. Many people question what culture is.
2. Culture means different things to different people.
3. The iceberg has the visible tip.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени.
1. When I got up that morning, the sun (shine) brightly and the birds (sing).
2.I (already / see) this film. Let's watch something else.
3. - I (not / see) Sam for a long time.
- Really? I (see) him yesterday at the swimming pool.
4. At six o'clock I (wait) for Jennie at the station.
5. Yesterday, Liz (go) to a party. She (have) a great time, but when she (get) home, she (realize) she (forget) her jacket.
6. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. I taught him ….. drive a car before the age of 18.
2. They let me ….. borrow their car while they were on holiday.
3. She promised ….. visit the exhibition before it ended.
4. This card entitles you …. take an extra person with you free.
5. What makes you ….. think so?
6. I persuaded my mother ….. buy a new car.
7. You can’t ….. borrow the motorcycle.