II. Из данных предложений выпишите те, действие которых происходит в настоящем времени, и переведите их
6. First-year students study humanities and social subjects.
7. The first two years will include courses in history, literature and languages.
8. He wanted to make clear concerning the system of education.
9. Specialization begins in the third year.
10. The baccalaureate students specialized in one or two fields.
III. Из данных предложений выберите те, действие в которых происходило в прошлом, и переведите их.
11. Higher schools range from two-year colleges to major research institutions.
12. A student’s expenses included housing, food, books and personal expenses.
13. The applicant writes an essay of some kind, often autobiographical.
14. The first universities divided courses into various fields of learning and called them “colleges” or “schools”.
15. The members of the faculty (преподаватели) provided instruction by the lecture method and informal discussions.
IV. Переведите следующие предложения, обратите внимание на степень сравнения прилагательных.
16. The most distinctive feature of an American university is its two levels.
17. The first two years provide general education and prepare students for more special subjects.
18. The bachelor’s degree, this oldest academic degree, usually represents successful completion of a four-year course of study.
19. Private colleges are more expensive and generally smaller.
Понимание прочитанного
Прочитайте текст, вдумайтесь в его содержание, постарайтесь понять его, чтобы выполнить задания после текста.
| 1. | A distinctive feature of an American University is its two levels. The first |
| level is Undergraduate School of four years duration. Here the work of undergraduate students during the first two years usually consists of broadly based studies in humanities, social sciences, applied and natural sciences. The first two years at Undergraduate School are aimed at providing general education and preparing for more special studies. The last two years are devoted almost entirely to the major discipline. | |
| 2. | If all goes well, this undergraduate education culminates in a Bachelor’s degree. It’s usually known as the first degree and may be a terminal qualification. But it is often considered as a background for further specialization, a step toward higher (or advanced) degree. |
| 3. | The advanced degrees (the Master’s degree and the Doctor of Philosophy) can be obtained in Graduate School, which is the second level of university education. There are two levels of graduate school. the lower for obtaining the Master’s degree and the upper level for the doctorate, which is a research degree. A graduate student works for two or three years, during which time he takes courses, passes exams, does some laboratory research under a competent professor, and on submitting a thesis is awarded a Master’s degree, though a thesis is not always required. |
| 4. | A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is basically a research degree awarded in recognition of achievement in research. If the graduate student is accepted into the PhD program, after obtaining a Master’s degree, he takes two or three years of advanced courses in his field of interest. During this time he passes exams and does research preparing for his thesis. His research usually culminates in a written dissertation which must demonstrate that the doctoral student has talent and ability for independent research. He comes before a panel of experts in his field and defends his thesis. These are professors from his university or sometimes other universities who question the candidate and finally decide whether he deserves the degree. |
Пояснения к тексту.
Undergraduate school – бакалавриат
Graduate school – аспирантура
humanities – гуманитарные науки
social sciences – общественные науки
Bachelor’s degree – степень бакалавра
Master’s degree – степень магистра
advanced courses – курсы повышенного типа
panel – комиссия
I. Какое из данных утверждений выражает основную идею текста?
a) Высшие учебные заведения в США различаются по статусу и характеру учебных программ.
b) Особенно интересна одна степень высшего образования, которая готовит специалистов более высокой квалификации.
c) Показателем уровня образования служат так называемые ученые и профессиональные степени, присуждаемые выпускникам.