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Settlement of claims
1. It often happens that one of the parties to the contract considers that the other party has infringed the terms of the contract. In such cases the dissatisfied party may think it necessary to send the other party a letter of complaint which often contains a claim, i. e. a demand for something to which the sender of the letter, in his opinion, has a right as, for instance, a claim for damages or for a reduction in the price etc. Complaints and claims may arise in connection with inferior quality of the goods, late delivery or non-delivery of the goods, transportation, insurance and storage of the goods and in many other cases.
The Sellers, for example, may hold the Buyers responsible for omitting to give transport instructions in time, and the Buyers may make a claim on (against) the Sellers for damage to the goods caused by insufficient packing.
2. Very often the parties agree upon an amicable settlement of the claim in question. If, however, an amicable settlement is not arrived at, the dispute is decided either by a court of law or, which the case is more often, by arbitration. Contracts usually stipulate that in case of arbitration each party should appoint its arbitrator, and, if the two arbitrators cannot agree, they have to appoint an umpire whose decision (award) is final and binding upon both parties.
Disputes between Russian organizations and foreign firms arising out of foreign trade transactions are very often settled by the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission at the Russian Chamber of Commerce*. This Commission consists of fifteen members appointed by the Presidium of the Russian Chamber of Commerce. When the parties refer their dispute to the Arbitration Commission, each party chooses its Arbitrator from among the members of the Commission. These two Arbitrators appoint an Umpire - another member of the same Commission. If the Arbitrators fail to agree on Umpire, the Umpire is appointed from among the members of the Arbitration by the President of the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission.
3. Arbitration clauses in some contracts stipulate that all disputes and differences should be settled by arbitration in a third country, while some other contracts provide for arbitration in the country of the respondent party.
Contracts concluded in accordance with the Rules of different trade associations in the United Kingdom (the Coffee Trade Federation, the London Rubber Trade Association, the London Corn Trade Association, the London Cocoa Association) provide for arbitration to be held in conformity with these Rules.
In contracts for the sale of timber concluded on a standard form adopted by the Timber Trade Federation of the U.K. and V/O «Exportles», it is provided that certain kinds of disputes should be referred for settlement to arbitration in the U.K. and others - to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission at the Russian Chamber of Commerce in Moscow.
Слова и выражения:
1. complaint - жалоба, рекламация (на - about)
party to the contract - участник договора, сторона в договоре
to infringe -нарушать
dissatisfied - неудовлетворенный,
letter of complaint - рекламационное письмо, письменная жалоба
demand - требование
sender - отправитель
reduction - снижение; reduction in the price - снижение цены, скидка
non-delivery - непоставка, несдача
2. amicable - дружественный, дружелюбный; amicable settlement - дружественное разрешение спора
court of law - суд (государственный)
to be the case - иметь место; which is more often the case - что чаще имеет место
by arbitration - арбитражем, арбитражным судом
arbitrator - арбитр
from among - из числа
umpire - супер-арбитр, третейский судья
to be binding – быть обязательным
to settle – решать
to conclude - заключать
3. respondent - ответчик; respondent party - ответная сторона
to provide - обеспечивать
rules - правила, устав
the Coffee Trade Federation - федерация по торговле кофе (в Англии)
the London Rubber Trade Association - Лондонская ассоциация по торговле каучуком
the London Corn Trade Association - Лондонская ассоциация по торговле зерном
the London Cocoa Association - Лондонская ассоциация по торговле какао.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 1
WHAT IS LAW?