The Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System
Занятие 9
Этапы занятия и рекомендуемая продолжительность тренировки видов речевой деятельности:
Задачи:
- продолжать развивать у студентов навык произношения медицинской лексики профессиональных текстов;
- развивать и закреплять навык спряжения глаголов в Simple Passive Voice;
- развивать навыки повседневного общения в рамках темы «Сердечно-сосудистая система тела человека».
I. Активизация лексического материала. Направлено на формирование ОК-6 (45 мин.)
Задание 1. Изучите лексический минимум по теме:
cardiovascular system – сердечно-сосудистая система
blood circulation – кровообращение
artery - артерия
vein - вена
capillary – капилляр
cone-shaped – конусный, конусообразный
chamber – камера
atrium – предсердие
auricle – предсердие
ventricle – желудочек
valve – клапан
tricuspid – трехстворчатый
to separate – отделять, разделять
mitral – митральный, двустворчатый
to pump – (n) насос; (v) накачивать, нагнетать
aorta – аорта
to lead – вести, приводить
to dissolve – растворяться
nourishment – питательные вещества
to nourish – питать, подпитывать
pulmonary – легочный
arteriole – артериола, мелкая артерия
fluid – (n) жидкость; (adj) жидкий
to coagulate – свертываться
minute – мелкий, мельчайший
corpuscular elements – корпускулярные элементы
corpuscle - частица
erythrocyte - эритроцит
leucocyte - лейкоцит
platelet – пластинка крови
thrombocyte - тромбоцит
count – (n) подсчет; (v) подсчитывать
elasticity - эластичность
flexibility - гибкость
hemoglobin – гемоглобин
Задание 2. Прочтите и переведите текст.
Text A
The Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System
The cardiovascular system is the system of blood circulation. By the cardiovascular system we mean the heart, the arteries, the veins and the capillaries of the human body.
The centre of the circulatory system is the heart. The human heart is a cone-shaped organ. It lies in the thoracic cavity, just behind the breastbone and between the lungs. The heart is a hollow muscle which has four chambers. The right heart consists of an upper chamber, the atrium or the auricle and a lower chamber, the ventricle. Between these two chambers is a one-way valve, the tricuspid valve. The left heart has two chambers, but the valve that separates its chambers we call the mitral valve.
Although the heart is a unit, anatomically and functionally, we may think of it as of two pumps — the «right heart» and the «left heart». The right heart receives blood from the veins and pumps it into the lungs by way of the lesser circulatory system. In the lungs the blood receives oxygen. Then it moves into the left heart. From the left heart the well-oxygenated blood moves into a large artery, the aorta. The blood returns to the heart by means of the veins. The walls of the capillaries are so thin that the dissolvednourishment that has come from the digestive system and the oxygen that has come from the lungs can pass through them into the tissues of the body and so nourish it. The capillaries form a close network all over the body. They gradually join together and get larger, and become veins.
Blood vessels that receive blood from the ventricle and lead it away from the heart and towards other organs are arteries. The pulmonary artery divides in two — one branch leads to the right lung, the other — to the left. The arteries continue to divide and subdivide and form smaller and smaller vessels. The smallest arteries are the arterioles and these finally divide into capillaries.
The blood is a red fluid, which coagulates when escapes from a blood vessel. It consists of a colourless fluid, plasma or serum, and many millions of minute bodies, the corpuscles.
Blood is composed of plasma and the corpuscular elements which are called red corpuscles or erythrocytes, white corpuscles or leucocytes and blood platelets or thrombocytes.
The count of leucocytes in the blood of a healthy person is 4,500 to 9,500 per cu mm (cubic millimetre). The erythrocytes are the most numerous cellular elements, ranging from 4,000,000 to 5,000,000 per cu mm. They have great elasticity and flexibility which give them the possibility to pass through very small capillaries. Red cells contain red colouring substance or hemoglobin.
Задание 3. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:
1. chamber: the heart consists of two separate chambers; the right atrium and the right ventricle are in the right chamber;
2. thick: a thick wall; thick ice; the walls of the left atrium are thick; the left ventricle has thick walls;
3. pulmonary: pulmonary artery; pulmonary circulation; pulmonary disease; pulmonary function; pulmonary valve;
Задание 4. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами, данными ниже:
1. Blood is composed of plasma and … .
2. … receives blood from the veins.
3. Red cells contain … .
4. The human heart is a … organ.
5. … is the centre of the circulatory system.
6. Blood vessels … blood from the ventricle.
7. From … the well-oxygenated blood moves into the aorta.
8. The cardiovascular system is the system of … .
9. The heart … in the thoracic cavity
10. … form a close network all over the body.
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hemoglobin, lies, the right heart, blood circulation, the heart, the capillaries, the corpuscular elements, cone-shaped, receive, the left heart.
Задание 5. Подберите дефиницию для слов из левой колонки:
| 1. cardiovascular system | A. blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart |
| 2. blood vessels | B. the smallest of a body's blood vessels (and lymph vessels) that make up the microcirculation |
| 3. corpuscular elements | C. a muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system |
| 4. pulmonary artery | D. an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body |
| 5. arteries | E. red corpuscles or erythrocytes |
| 6. vein | F. artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs |
| 7. heart | G. the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body |
| 8. capillaries | H. blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |