Инфинитив оборотом с союзом чтобы
| He was too weak to speak. | Он был слишком слаб, чтобы говорить. |
Модальным сказуемым
| Mother is getting too old to travel. Is the water warm enough to swim? | Мама сильно стареет и не может путешествовать. Вода достаточно теплая, чтобы можно было купаться? (чтобы купаться?) |
Отдельным предложением (внешнее членение) или однородным сказуемым или придаточным предложением (внутреннее членение)
| He is so kind as to help me. The coffee is too hot to drink. | Он так добр, что помогает мне. (Он очень добр и помогает мне.) Кофе слишком горячий. Его невозможно пить. |
B. Обстоятельство сопутствующих обстоятельств, поскольку оно выражает относительно самостоятельную мысль, переводиться отдельным предложением, частью сложносочиненного предложения или личной формой глагола в однородном сказуемом.
| The patient woke up to see his wife sitting by his bed. | Больной проснулся и увидел, что жена сидит около его кровати. |
Значение самого обстоятельства этого типа может контрастировать со значением всего предложения и иметь прямо противоположный смысл по сравнению с обстоятельством цели, с которым его часто путают.
| The workers went on strike to be arrested by the police. He went to the US to find he was bankrupt. | Рабочие устроили забастовку и были арестованы полицией. Он уехал в Соединённые Штаты и узнал, что обанкротился. |
Если инфинитив в этой функции выражен глаголом to find с предшествующим наречием only, то в переводе наречие only опускается.
| They arrived at the port in the early afternoon only to find that the ship had gone. | Рано в полдень они прибыли в порт и обнаружили, что корабль ушел. |
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 1:Определите синтаксическую функцию инфинитива и
переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He had to raise his voice to heard above the barking of the dog.
2. He had done nothing to stop it.
3. I was marched in to see the colonel.
4. The government would continue its efforts to improve the economic situation.
5. To draw more candidates into science careers, he recommended a range of steps.
6. So they launched a five-year program to encourage women to have more babies.
7. He advocates changing the classroom-bound education system to allow for more time for outdoor learning.
8. Voracious moviegoers in Russia used to stay home to watch mostly Western films on their VCR’s.
9. To return to our earlier discussion, I’m sure you’ll agree with my point.
10. To make it worse, the children were almost an hour late.
11. She generally expected to be waited on wherever she was.
12. I had to return to my parent establishment, where my reception was cool, to say the least.
13. Whether this was by accident or design it was impossible to tell.
14. One thing that gratified me was how much of the book you owed me. Not to mention what you learned about writing from me.
15. It was a strange word to have used.
16. I sat down again but to read was impossible.
17. His ambition is to earn enough money in Japan so that one day he can return home to work as a scientist.
18. People who somehow manager to remain positive about getting older live longer.
19. To begin with, he nurtured the habits that have ensured a healthy retirement decades ago.
20. They would do anything in the world to make you happy.
21. He felt so enormously cheered up to be told the phone number.
22. To be honest, I don’t like animals.
23. Needless to say, there was no sound on any of this film. It was all pantomime.
24. Visitors failed to notice a series of newly dug trenches at the southwest exit to the city.
25. Needless to say, I had my meal in the restaurant as usual.
26. One way many upper-middle-class families manage to balance motherhood and work is to integrate households, or move back home with mom and dad.
27. Russian movies were generally art-house pictures, director-oriented and having nothing to do with mass culture.
Упражнение 2:Определите синтаксическую функцию инфинитива, переведите
на русский язык. Какая трансформация употребляется
наиболее часто?
1. There were all those hours still to be survived.
2. What a peculiar thing to recognize at this late date.
3. There was still one lesson to learn.
4. But the biggest draw for the first is the change to scout for new talent.
5. Modern children have few opportunities to spend time outdoors.
6. There is real empirical evidence to back up the various theories.
7. For years, psychotherapists have had a wide array of techniques to draw from in helping troubled patients.
8. Each combatant has superhuman powers and the free will to choose which side to join.
9. With all that stress he needs something to keep him going.
10. Diet, education and personal contentment all have roles to play.
11. E is just one of many Japanese to see out his eighties in robust health.
12. I have not bad time to examine this room yet.
13. I have nobody to say a kind word to me.
14. He was the first to offer his band to the Russians.
15. When his engine broke down, it was the last to be repaired.
16. I’ve got a family to look after.
17. She was not a person to toy with and dismiss.
18. This is the only book to read here.
19. Here is a charming little cottage to spend the summer in.
20. There was no time now to think.
Упражнение 3:Переведите на русский язык, проанализируйте способы перевода инфинитива.
A
1. It was much too hot to have a cat in his lap.
2. He is still fit enough to ride his motorcycle.
3. It seemed like something that was happening to someone else, because it was too terrible to be happening to her.
4. Even the best therapies are worth little if patients are too defiant, too desperate or too upset to help.
5. His eyes were sharp enough to look after his own interest.
6. She was too busy to notice anything.
7. He was so weak as to be unable to work.
8. I was too excited to eat.
9. My son was old enough to notice my mood.
10. Would you be so kind as to shut the door?
11. I was too busy to talk and put down the telephone.
12. He was too lazy to take his profession seriously.
13. It was always easy enough to find reasons for doing nothing.
14. He was so tired as to be unable to undress.
15. I was too shy to be the girl or even to look at her properly.
16. The light wasn’t strong enough for me to see the expression of his face.
B
1. The school-bell rang, and the school-children filed back into the classroom to find the icon replaced by a red star, the picture of Nicholas II by the portrait of Lenin.
2. I called a friend in the Italian section of the B.B.C., only to discover that they had just lost one of their announcers.
3. She was driven away, never to revisit this neigh-bourhood.
4. She was sorry to have raised their expectations only to disappoint them.
5. I returned to my room one afternoon to find Rex waiting for me.
6. Michale went home to hear that his little son recovered.
7. He arrive on the doorstep only to find Peter fumbling with the lock.
8. I came home one evening to discover him sitting on the stairs outside the front door of the flat.
9. My father was out and returned to find me in a condition of feverish anxiety.
10. She reached her house that night only to find her manager waiting for her.