Підготуйте до тексту 5 питань. Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1. example/ style/ from/Indian/ an/Persian/ design/ Mughal/ elements/Turkish/ of/ India/ Taj/ combining/ Mahal/ and/ styles.
2. appeared/ impossibilities/ Persian/ as/ gardens.
3. modern/ is/ dry/ The/ day/Persia/ and/ heart/ high/ of/ Iran.
4. abundance/ the/ garden/ and/ became/ Persian/ of/ presence/ water/ the/ very/ of/ essence.
5. gardens/ the/ class/ Persia's/ of/ ruling/ history/ life/ were/ Throughout/ to/ political/ central/ the.
Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1. All Persian gardens, from the ancient to the high classical…
2. Their ethereal and delicate qualities emphasized…
3. A series of basins and plateaus are separated by the two…
4. Since ancient times, lush gardens have grown…
5. Although gardens were places for poetry, contemplation…
Розділ III. Revision Test
Test № 1
1. My boss warned me … late for work any more.
a) not be
b) not to be
c) not being
d) to be
2. – Are Brown Jones competent lawyers?
- Yes, very competent. I enjoy … business with them.
a) making
b) doing
c) to do
d) to make
3. John D. Rockefeller, the founder of the Standard Oil Company, was … man in the world at the time of his retirement.
a) richest
b) richer
c) the richest
d) rich
4. If antitrust laws did not exist in the U.S, there … as much competition in certain industries.
a) isn’t
b) wouldn’t be
c) won’t be
d) will not be
5. The company gave … employees raises.
a) her
b) its
c) his
d) it`s
6. The mail will be sorted before it … at our division.
a) arrived
b) arrives
c) arrive
d) will arrive
7. The sudden recession made the partnership … .
a) to fail
b) fail
c) failed
d) failing
8. If there had been fringe benefits, I … the position.
a) could consider
b) would have considered
c) will consider
d) would consider
9. The executive board reviewed the study and reported that it … a good decision to find a permanent director.
a) was
b) is
c) were
d) will be
10. This is … obvious problem we face.
a) most
b) the most
c) more
d) the more
11. I thought he should … last month.
a) be promoted
b) have been promoted
c) had promoted
d) been promoted
12. They agree that we might … a mistake yesterday.
a) made
b) have made
c) had maid
d) had made
13. The financial news … found in the business section.
a) are
b) is
c) were
d) be
14. The effect of computers on careers … phenomenal.
a) had been
b) has been
c) have been
d) will have been
15. We test our products … for safety and durability.
a) either
b) both
c) or
d) neither
16. While the presentation … the secretary was taping it.
a) has been made
b) was being made
c) made
d) will be made
17. If we … the plans carefully, we would not have erred so seriously.
a) study
b) had studied
c) were studying
d) studied
18. You … introduce me to the chairperson because we have already met.
a) must
b) should
c) do not have to
d) ought to
19. Mr. Brown wasn’t at home when I called, but I … contact him at his office.
a) would have
b) was able to
c) could not
d) will have
20. A new computer system … at our head office now.
a) is installer
b) is being installed
c) installs
d) was installed
Revision Test № 2
1. She … to resign, it was her own decision.
a) didn’t force
b) wasn’t forced
c) will not force
d) will not be forced
2. If I were you I … with your boss.
a) won’t argue
b) wouldn’t argue
c) don’t argue
d) am not arguing
3. When I applied for that job I … by a very handsome young manager.
a) was interviewing
b) was interviewed
c) had interviewed
d) will be interviewed
4. They say that the rate of unemployment … by 10 % by 2010.
a) will drop
b) will have dropped
c) has dropped
d) was dropped
5. If you … so late for work, you wouldn’t have been fired.
a) were not
b) have not been
c) had not been
d) were
6. I don’t mind … overtime.
a) to work
b) working
c) work
d) worked
7. I can’t afford … him any longer. He will have to find a job.
a) to support
b) support
c) supporting
d) supports
8. Prices … up. Things are more expensive this week.
a) went
b) have gone
c) had gone
d) has gone
9. Excuse me. Would you have change … a £20 note?
a) to
b) on
c) for
d) of
10. She is careful with money – she … very much. She saves £40 a week.
a) spends
b) didn`t spend
c) doesn`t spend
d) doesn’t spends
11. Can you lend me £10? Remember, you … some money from me last month.
a) borrowed
b) are borrowing
c) had borrowed
d) will have been borrowing
12. At the moment she … money for charity.
a) collects
b) has collected
c) is collecting
d) will be collecting
13. In a casino you … win or lose money very easily!
a) should
b) need to
c) can
d) must
14. The cashier would not let me take … more money out of my current account as I was already £50 overdrawn .
a) some
b) any
c) no
d) not
15. Would you like to pay cash or … cheque or credit card?
a) in
b) on
c) by
d) to
16. What do you think … the marketing plan William put forward?
a) of
b) for
c) out
d) over
17. It would be great … the poster campaign in full colour.
a) see
b) seeing
c) to see
d) not see
18. Jens, … with the proposal the agency has suggested?
a) do you agree
b) are you agree
c) does you agree
d) you agree
19. I’d like to say … words regarding our upcoming conference, if I may.
a) a little
b) a few
c) little
d) few
20. This project is one of the … we have done.
a) larger
b) largest
c) most large
d) most largest
Revision Test № 3
1. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is an international agreement … to increase trade among member nation.
a) designing
b) designer
c) designed
d) design
2. It is risky to … for huge profits.
a) speculator
b) speculate
c) speculation
d) speculative
3. All … are required to wear their identification badges while at journey.
a) employment
b) employees
c) employ
d) unemployment
4. The passengers demanded … for the loss of their luggage on the journey.
a) refund
b) subsidies
c) compensation
d) reward
5. Losses have forced the company to … 500 of its workers.
a) lose out
b) lay off
c) take away
d) free
6. If you want to have an interview for this job, we must receive your … by September 10th.
a) agreement
b) application
c) offering
d) contract
7. If you buy the shares of this company, you are sure to have a very good return on your … .
a) exchange
b) capital
c) deposit
d) savings
8. If you go to see the sale at Marks & Spenser, you will find a lot of … in almost all departments.
a) redundancies
b) reduction
c) cuts
d) shortening
9. He will earn a lot of money if he stays here and … a new contract.
a) writes
b) describes
c) signs
d) produces
10. Listed companies, whose … are sold on the stoke exchange, have to present their accounts to the public in annual report.
a) bonds
b) shares
c) financial accounts
d) balance sheets
11. The bank … interest rates by 2 %.
a) has risen
b) has raised
c) has arisen
d) has rose
12. … is a type of business organization owned and run by one person.
a) partnership
b) sole proprietorship
c) private limited company
d) corporation
13. The employees responsible for a company’s financial accounts are the … .
a) customers
b) headhunters
c) accountants
d) back office manager
14. … department of a company is responsible for planning, recruitment of new people, staff training and development.
a) The Marketing
b) The Human Resources
c) The Sales
d) PR
15. A product generating a lot of profit is … .
a) a lot leader
b) a cash cow
c) a cash flow
d) a market leader
16. … are what a business owes to those outside the business.
a) assets
b) liabilities
c) costs
d) earnings
17. The owner of the small computer company became … during the recession.
a) bankruptcy
b) bankrupt
c) danker
d) banker
18. … is a type of finance used by individuals to purchase property.
a) an overdraft
b) a mortgage
c) a standing order
d) a loan
19. If he puts his money in the bank, it will earn twelve percent … .
a) profit
b) interest
c) investment
d) earning
20. After a few weeks in the job, he … himself to be a valuable employee.
a) established
b) proved
c) verified
d) displayed
Revision Test № 4
1. If you need money, you can ask a friend to lend you some or … money from a bank.
a) save
b) borrow
c) lend
d) collect
2. She earns a good salary and … money every month to buy a house.
a) borrows
b) earns
c) saves
d) wins
3. I wouldn’t buy shares in that company if I were you. They made a … last year.
a) damage
b) profit
c) loser
d) loss
4. I’m a bit hard up at the moment. Do you think you could … me
£10 ?
a) borrow
b) lend
c) loan
d) oblige
5. We’re trying to get a lot of media … in a number of international publications.
a) relations
b) mentions
c) service
d) reference
6. The position we’re offering has a strong public ... element.
a) relations
b) strategies
c) knowledge
d) competence
7. Researching markets and modeling that information is one of my primary … .
a) works
b) efforts
c) responsibilities
d) attempt
8. You will be expected to demonstrate a strong … of all aspects of our industry.
a) knowledge
b) responsibility
c) ability
d) sense
9. We have an extensive cosmetic product … that we sell in many global markets.
a) length
b) line
c) quantity
d) quality
10. We need to take a fresh look at several of our brand … this year.
a) strategies
b) relations
c) responsibilities
d) needs
11. He … the lottery and now he is spending a lot of money on clothes.
a) lost
b) won
c) earned
d) gained
12. His company … a lot of money and so he earns a good salary.
a) borrows
b) saves
c) does
d) makes
13. The waiters in that restaurant get low …, but they make a fortune in tips.
a) salaries
b) interests
c) wages
d) offer
14. Visit potential … and present your services.
a) customers
b) enemies
c) reserves
d) resources
15. You need to know what the new … are in what people are buying.
a) flows
b) trends
c) movements
d) currents
16. Which … are fighting with you for the same markets?
a) enemies
b) opponents
c) competitors
d) neighbours
17. You can withdraw money and order a bank statement from … machines.
a) banknote
b) coin
c) cheque
d) cash
18. If you want to buy a house, go to a building society for your … .
a) loan
b) lend
c) debt
d) mortgage
19. Our products are trusted and have a good … .
a) reputation
b) knowledge
c) interest
d) state
20. People … our brand with quality and service.
a) join
b) unite
c) link
d) associate
Revision Test № 5
1. КW Engineering Inc. … an independent provider of energy engineering services specializing in assessments of energy savings potential in commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities.
a) are
b) is
c) have
d) aren`t
2. The food processing and paper and pulp industries may also … good choices.
a) has
b) had
c) are
d) be
3. The goals of our research … to reduce energy consumption, improve the stability and reliability of our nation’s energy infrastructures, and improve the general quality of life.
a) are
b) is
c) have
d) aren`t
4. The Ukrainian Center for Energy Efficiency and Ecology (ARENA-ECO) … one resource available to foreign companies interested in the Ukrainian energy efficiency market.
a) are
b) am
c) have
d) is
5. Our goal … to keep our dealers andtheir customers satisfied.
a) isn’t
b) is
c) are
d) aren`t
6. …Ukraine full of profitable opportunities for energy efficiency?
a) isn’t
b) is
c) have
d) aren`t
7. Among the most important subjects in the field … electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solid-state electronics, medical imaging systems, robotics, lasers, radar, consumer electronics, and fibre optics.
a) are
b) is
c) be
d) isn`t
8. There … lots of different types of engineering.
a) isn`t
b) is
c) have
d) are
9. …Ukraine a large, new market for many American firms?
a) are
b) is
c) have
d) aren`t
10. The one thing they have in common … that they all use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing.
a) are
b) isn’t
c) is
d) aren`t
11. The bulk of the energy efficiency market … in industry.
a) are
b) is
c) have
d) has
12. The plant … many energy efficiency opportunities.
a) has
b) is
c) have
d) aren`t
13. … besides electricity and natural gas, the enterprise use fuel oil, coke, coke gas, and blast furnace gas?
a) are
b) do
c) have
d) does
14. … raw materials and energy account for about 85% of total current production costs?
a) are
b) does
c) have
d) do
15. … Ukrainian engineering firms, research institutes, and business development/marketing companies also assist foreign firms interested in the Ukrainian market?
a) are
b) do
c) have
d) does
16. … you also provide diverse water-pumping and DC-powered devices?
a) does
b) are
c) have
d) do
17. … you sell solar, wind and hydroelectric systems and equipment?
a) are
b) do
c) have
d) does
18. … energy conservation become an especially burning issue under an economic crisis?
a) do
b) is
c) does
d) isn`t
19. Most food processing enterprises … not employ energy managers, however, so cost-effective opportunities for energy efficiency abound.
a) have
b) does
c) do
d) aren`t
20. … the food processing industry account for almost 6% of Ukrainian exports?
a) do
b) is
c) has
d) does
Revision Test № 6
1. Most Ukrainian enterprises … with firms that employ Ukrainian salespeople and that have a local customer service or maintenance office.
a) working
b) is working
c) are working
d) be working
2. Listen! Somebody … about our company.
a) talk
b) is talking
c) are talking
d) talks
3. A reliable local partner is crucial, particularly when a company first … to work in Ukraine
a) starts
b) is starting
c) start
d) isn’t starting
4. Don’ t make so much noise. I … to work.
a) am not trying
b) am tring
c) am trying
d) am try
5. … Ukrainian industry … to the realization that it must increase its energy efficiency to cut costs?
a) does / come
b) is / coming
c) are / coming
d) do / come
6. …the coolant … from water jacket through the radiator?
a) does / circulate
b) is / circulating
c) are / circulating
d) do / circulate
7. … Ukrainian textile companies … fierce competition from importers who can provide better quality products with more reliability.
a) does / face
b) is / facing
c) are / facing
d) do / face
8. As a result, this industry … great financial difficulties.
a) don`t experience
b) is not experiencing
c) doesn’t experience
d) aren`t experiencing
9. My Dad … overtime this week at the power station.
a) is working
b) works
c) working
d) work
10. While you … business in Ukraine may at first seem a daunting undertaking, companies can take several steps to minimize the risks and difficulties.
a) do
b) don`t do
c) are doing
d) aren’t doing
11. Some mechanical engineers … in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines now.
a) specialises
b) is specialising
c) specialise
d) are specialising
12. … our employees either live off the grid or have grid-tied renewable energy systems in their homes.
a) Most
b) Most of
c) Most of the
d) Most in
13. Our professional staff has hundreds of combined years … sourcing, engineering, installing and maintaining solar, wind and hydroelectric solutions.
a) in dedicated experience in
b) of dedicated experience in
c) the dedicated experience of
d) a dedicated experience in
14. Most industrial enterprises in Ukraine use energy very … because the cost of energy was never a limiting factor.
a) inefficiently
b) unefficiently
c) efficient
d) efficiently
15. Many enterprises see that energy is often their largest production cost, and they know they must … their energy use if they are to survive.
a) reduce
b) reduces
c) reducing
d) reduced
16. The four-stroke-cycle engine is the … engine type.
a) common
b) most common
c) commoner
d) common than
17. Gasoline is the … fuеl for automobile engines.
a) good
b) best
c) better
d) more good
18. Diesel engines have … parts than gasoline engines.
a) heavy
b) hard
c) heavier
d) the heaviest
19. Most of farm engines … of the four-stroke-type but sоmе of the smallest engines are of the two-stroke-type.
a) to be
b) are
c) is
d) am
20. We … utilize solar energy for such things as hot water generation for six months of the year at a great savings to the government last year.
a) can
b) could
c) will be able
d) shall be able
Revision Test № 7
1. The Ukrainian market for energy efficiency goods and services … as formerly state-run firms seek to rein in their production costs.
a) will grow
b) shall grow
c) grow
d) grown
2. … some mechanical engineers … in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines next year?
a) did / specialise
b) will / specialise
c) shall / specialise
d) did / specialised
3. Dad … overtime next week at the power station, won`t he?
a) will work
b) shall work
c) worked
d) works
4. … the students of electronic engineering … with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information during their training?
a) will / deal
b) shall / deal
c) did / dealed
d) did / dealt
5. We … our engineering and robotics expertise to support environmental and national security missions for your enterprises two years ago.
a) applyed
b) shall apply
c) apply
d) applied
6. Perhaps they … a new power station next year.
a) will buy
b) shall buy
c) bought
d) had bought
7. In 1979, solar power … not much more than a NASA buzzword. Today, solar is a term virtually everybody equates with photovoltaics.
a) will be
b) shall be
c) was
d) were
8. … the students … training at the hydroelectric power station next month?
a) did / has
b) will / had
c) did / have
d) will / have
9. Everybody thinks these forcers … power at the station.
a) provides
b) not provide
c) shall provide
d) will provide
10. You know this process … power.
a) shall not provide
b) won’t provide
c) shan`t provide
d) not provide
11. Mr. Shulha … the director of the Institute of Energy Engineering when it was formed 10 years ago by the Ministry of Energy
a) becomes
b) become
c) became
d) will become
12. Enterprises in these industries also … large quantities of energy last year, because of the nature of their business.
a) consumes
b) will consume
c) had consumed
d) consumed
13. The director of the “Solar power” company … to the party tomorrow.
a) won’t come
b) shan`t come
c) shall not come
d) came
14. We … utilize solar energy for such things as hot water generation for six months of the year at a great savings to the government last year.
a) can
b) could
c) will be able
d) shall be able
15. At last conference they … out that it was necessary to draw scientists and other professionals in Ukraine for development of basics of theory, strategy and tactics of energy conservation.
a) will point
b) point
c) pointed
d) shall point
16. Next year the Energy Technology Development Group … integrated systems to monitor and … the operating state of complex engineered processes.
a) shall develop; shall diagnose
b) developed; diagnosed
c) develop; diagnose
d) will develop; will diagnose
17. During the last five years most Ukrainian enterprises … working with firms that … Ukrainian salespeople and that … a local customer service or maintenance office.
a) preferred; employed; have
b) preferred; employed; has
c) preferred; employed; had
d) preferred; employ; had
18. We also … it would help people find and recognize us in various directories if they were looking for us by our original name.
a) will figure
b) shall figure
c) figured
d) figure
19. The partner … the foreign company to understand the market, business etiquette, laws and regulations, and can introduce the foreign company to potential customers in 2012.
a) will help
b) helps
c) helped
d) shall help
20. … the food processing industry account for almost 6% of Ukrainian exports next year?
a) shall
b) will
c) did
d) does
Revision Test № 8
1. When they arrived, the chairman … on the sofa and … over the phone.
a) was sitting; spoke
b) sat; was speaking
c) was sitting; speaking
d) sat; spoke
2. He couldn’ t speak because he … the test.
a) was doing
b) did
c) has done
d) had done
3. AEEU … everything needed to design, install, upgrade and maintain renewable energy power systems.
a) providing
b) was provided
c) had provided
d) has provided
4. — What … you … between one and two? I phoned you several times.
— I … the new turbo and heard nothing.
a) were / doing; was designing
b) did / do; was designing
c) did / do; designed
d) were / doing; have designed
5. ... you … me a message this morning?
a) are / leaving
b) have / leave
c) have / left
d) were / leaving
6. When you rang me yesterday, I … a meeting.
a) had
b) was having
c) have had
d) am having
7. They … a trunk call to New York this morning.
a) hadn`t made
b) were making
c) weren’t making
d) haven’t made
8. Somebody stole the documents from the boss’s pocket while he ... .
a) has slept
b) was sleeping
c) is sleeping
d) have slept
9. …the Stockholm Institute of Economic Science … that by 2050 nearly 50 percent of all energy production could be from wind sources?
a) has / predicted
b) was / predicted
c) have / predicted
d) was / predict
10. It was dark when the members of foreign delegation … the car
a) has waited
b) were waiting
c) is waiting
d) has been waiting
11. Just as the chairman … the street, a car came round the corner.
a) has crossed
b) have crossed
c) were crossing
d) was crossing
12. In recent years, industrial enterprises ( not / feel ) increasing pressure to reduce their energy use.
a) hasn`t felt
b) haven’t felt
c) hadn’t felt
d) haven’t feel
13. At ten o’clock that day they … for the delegation at the station.
a) has waited
b) were waiting
c) is waiting
d) has been waiting
14. Over the years, our vision and scope … steadily …, together with the technological advances and rapid growth of the renewable energy industry itself.
a) were / expanding
b) was / expanding
c) have / expanded
d) has / expanded
15. ... the secretary yet …?
a) has / came
b) have / come
c) is / coming
d) has / come
16. We … the company to allow us to do the work that we love – namely finding ways to save energy and conducting analysis on building systems to accurately determine true costs and benefits.
a) were forming
b) had formed
c) have formed
d) weren’t forming
17. They … already … me about the accident.
a) have / informed
b) were / informed
c) weren’t / informed
d) has / informed
18. During the last five years most Ukrainian enterprises … with firms that employed Ukrainian salespeople and that had a local customer service or maintenance office.
a) have worked
b) were working
c) was working
d) has worked
19. He … any letters from the power station this week.
a) have received
b) haven’t received
c) hasn’t received
d) has received
20. During that period of time enterprises in these industries … large quantities of energy.
a) are consuming
b) were consuming
c) had consumed
d) consumed
Revision Test № 9
1. Since the beginning of the history the cow has been useful to man … many ways.
a) for
b) upon
c) on
d) in
2. One hundred years ago dairying … largely a family affair.
a) had been
b) was
c) is
d) were
3. The milk was usually consumed in the raw state and the surplus … into butter and cheese.
a) made
b) makes
c) was made
d) was make
4. Dairying gradually … more specialized, and people bought milk, butter and cheese from farmers farther out in the country.
a) became
b) become
c) becomes
d) becomed
5. Dairy cattle breeds are breeds developed primarily for milk … .
a) product
b) production
c) produce
d) producer
6. In the United States cattle kept primarily for milk production belong to the Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Holstein and Jersey … .
a) types
b) sorts
c) kinds
d) breeds
7. Feeds used for the dairy cow are divided … two general classes.
a) on
b) upon
c) into
d) from
8. Roughages contain a relatively … percentage of fibers.
a) higher
b) high
c) highest
d) the highest
9. Roughages have a … low-feeding value.
a) comparing
b) compare
c) comparatively
d) comparison
10. Most concentrates contain less fiber and have a higher food value … roughages.
a) though
b) that
c) then
d) than
11. Today Scottish agriculture … three per cent of Scotland`s working population.
a) employ
b) employs
c) employed
d) will employ
12. In the south-west of England, the rich grass is ideal for … dairy cows.
a) feed
b) feeding
c) to feed
d) fed
13. … land use has shifted significantly since Ukraine declaired independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
a) agriculturalist
b) agriculturist
c) agricultural
d) agriculture
14. Corn is … third important feed grain in Ukraine.
a) the
b) a
c) an
d) –
15. Agriculture in Great Britain is … and highly mechanized.
a) intensify
b) intension
c) intensity
d) intensive
16. Income from livestock and dairy … is about three times that from crops.
a) products
b) produces
c) producers
d) productive
17. Farming … £5.6 billion to the UK economy in 2006.
a) contributed
b) contributes
c) contributing
d) contribute
18. Farming used to employ a great many people in Britain but nowadays, with machinery, … people can run a huge farm of thousands of hectares.
a) little
b) a little
c) few
d) a few
19. Some parts of Britain have excellent soil for crops, while … are used for cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.
a) farther
b) others
c) another
d) other
20. In the century before World War II, Great Britain produced … than 40% of its domestic agricultural requirements.
a) less
b) little
c) a little
d) the least
Revision Test № 10
1. A hundred years ago half of the labour force … on the farms.
a) work
b) worked
c) works
d) had worked
2. In 1984 there … more than 2.3 million farms in the country.
a) are
b) is
c) was
d) were
3. Agriculture of the USA and the UK … many differences.
a) are
b) is
c) has
d) have
4. The main livestock products are derived … cattle and calves, sheep and lambs, pigs, and poultry.
a) from
b) of
c) in
d) on
5. Swine have a rapid rate of … and a short generation interval.
a) reproducer
b) reproduce
c) reproductive
d) reproduction
6. Swine breeds at one time were classified … “lard” or “bacon” breeds.
a) on
b) with
c) by
d) into
7. A lactating sow or gilt will consume about twice as … food as a pregnant one.
a) many
b) much
c) little
d) few
8. Good quality sun-cured hay and bush provide most of the … protein.
a) necessary
b) necessity
c) necessarily
d) necessarian
9. Lamb … long … one of Scotland`s most important agricultural exports.
a) shall / be
b) had / been
c) will / be
d) has / been
10. … every fertile egg are all the food nutrients needed to develop a baby chick.
a) outside
b) inside
c) upside
d) downside
11. A colony … three types of bee.
a) contains
b) contain
c) is containing
d) has contained
12. The bee … a complicated hollow tongue by which it sucks up nectar from the flowers it visits.
a) will have
b) have
c) had
d) has
13. Nectar is almost …, thin liquid, containing 20 to 50 per cent of sugar.
a) colourist
b) colourless
c) coloured
d) colouring
14. Honey is sweet, thick, yellow, amber or brown … containing 80-85 per cent of sugar.
a) liquefaction
b) liquid
c) liquidity
d) liqueur
15. In some areas, particularly in the East, the horses … for meat and milk production.
a) are bred
b) are breed
c) breed
d) bred
16. An animal specialist … to compound rations for the cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry.
a) should
b) can
c) must
d) is
17. He … feeding of the farm animals according to the rations and determines the quality of the feeds.
a) controlled
b) control
c) controls
d) is comtrolling
18. An animal specialist is also responsible … the proper housing of the farm animals.
a) for
b) of
c) about
d) to
19. Great attention is paid … the growing of the young.
a) for
b) to
c) in
d) on
20. The pregnant animals must … good hay and silage in abundance.
a) feed
b) be feed
c) be fed
d) fed
Revision Test № 11
1. There … over 13 000 commercial sheep and beef cattle farms in New Zealand, most of which are owned and operated by farming families.
a) be
b) are
c) is
d) am
2. The majority of farms have both sheep … beef cattle, which complement each other in pasture-based grazing systems.
a) and
b) or
c) to
d) nor
3. A farm is an area of land, including various structures, devoted primarily … the practice of producing and managing food, fibers and, increasingly, fuel.
a) for
b) to
c) of
d) on
4. Farms may … and operated by a single individual, family, community, corporation or a company.
a) owned
b) owe
c) be owned
d) be own
5. A farm that is primarily used for the production of … and dairy is a dairy farm.
a) milk
b) nuts
c) meat
d) fruit
6. A plantation is usually a large farm or estate, on which cotton, tobacco, coffee or sugar cane, …, usually by resident laborers.
a) is cultivated
b) are cultivated
c) cultivates
d) cultivated
7. Once people have moved from hunting and/or gathering and from simple horticulture … active farming, social arrangements roads, distribution, collection, and marketing can evolve.
a) too
b) to
c) into
d) on
8. Traditionally, the goal of farming was to work … as a community to grow and harvest crops that could be grown in mass such as wheat, corn, squash, and other staples.
a) collectivism
b) collectivity
c) collective
d) collectively
9. Centuries later … same farmers took charge of livestock, and began growing food exclusively for the feeding of livestock, and began growing food exclusively for the feeding of livestock as well as for the community.
a) this
b) these
c) that
d) their
10. Dairy farming is a class of agriculture, where female cattle, goats, or other mammals … for their milk, which may be either processed on-site or transported to a dairy for processing and eventual retail sale.
a) are raised
b) is raised
c) raise
d) raises
11. In most western countries, a centralized dairy facility processes milk ans dairy products, such as cream, …, and cheese.
a) meat
b) butter
c) nuts
d) vegetables
12. … are devoted to raising chickens, turkeys, ducks, and other fowl, generally for meat or eggs.
a) Vineyards
b) Orchards
c) Dairy farms
d) Poultry farms
13. However, the gradual modernization and … of farming has led to increasingly large farms owned by individuals or corporations.
a) mechanic
b) mechanical
c) mechanization
d) mechanistic
14.The practice of … first began around 8000 BC in the Fertile Crescent of Mesolotamia.
a) agriculture
b) agricultural
c) agriculturalism
d) agriculturalist
15. The major livestock … in the United States are: dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, poultry, sheep.
a) industris
b) industrys
c) industries
d) industry
16. There … 5,300,000 horses in the United States at the end of 1998.
a) are
b) is
c) was
d) were
17. During the early 1980s the federal government … over $2 billion annually to purchase surplus milk.
a) spend
b) spent
c) spended
d) spends
18. To help reduce the program in 1986 the government … dairy herds of farmers who agreed to stay out of the milk business for 5 years.
a) purchased
b) purchase
c) purchases
d) is purchasing
19. In the past farmers had to milk … cows twice a day all by themselves without help from machines.
a) theirs
b) your
c) their
d) our
20. The cow walks into the machine, the teats of the cow … by sensors in the machine and the milking begins automatically.
a) finds
b) is found
c) are founded
d) are found
Revision Test № 12
1. Using robots saves a lot of labour and it makes it much easier to go from milking twice a day to three or more times … .
a) in a day
b) a day
c) for a day
d) day
2. Cows are very fond … concentrate food.
a) in
b) for
c) of
d) –
3. The only way they can get to the concentrate feeder is by … through the milking robots.
a) to pass
b) passing
c) pass
d) passed
4. The cows are allowed to receive only a limited amount of … food per day.
a) concentration
b) concentrate
c) concentrated
d) concentric
5. The concentrate feeder has equipment to be able to distinguish the cows and to decide to give or … concentrate food to the cow.
a) no to give
b) not to give
c) not give
d) didn`t give
6. The space in between the facilities in the barn … for walking, idling or grouping.
a) uses
b) are used
c) is used
d) used
7. Great Britain is … developed industrial country.
a) the
b) -
c) an
d) a
8. Great Britain imports half of … food supply.
a) its
b) it`s
c) it is
d) it
9. Agriculture still … one of its largest and most important industries.
a) remain
b) remains
c) remained
d) remaining
10. Most small farms are … farms.
a) confused
b) mixed
c) heterogeneous
d) blended
11. The work on farms is … mechanized.
a) high
b) higher
c) highly
d) the highest
12. Grain crops … with combines.
a) harvested
b) harvest
c) is harvested
d) are harvested
13. Mineral fertilizers and chemical means of plant protection … on a large scale.
a) is applied
b) are applied
c) apply
d) applied
14. Now the main tendency is that small traditional farms … because they cannot compete with modern big industrial farms.
a) are disappearing
b) are appearing
c) are working
d) are functioning
15. About a third of Britain`s agricultural land is arable and … rest is pasture and meadow.
a) -
b) the
c) a
d) an
16. The cool climate and the even distribution of rainfall … favourable for growing all kinds of crops.
a) be
b) am
c) is
d) are
17. Animal husbandry is the most … branch of British agriculture.
a) more important
b) important
c) importanter
d) importantest
18. The main branches of animal husbandry now … cattle breeding, sheep breeding and poultry farming.
a) is
b) are
c) was
d) were
19. Hop growing for the brewing industry is developed in Britain, … .
a) to
b) two
c) too
d) either
20. Farmers in Britain grow …, potatoes and sugar beets.
a) lemons
b) bananas
c) pineapples
d) oats
Revision Test № 13
1. Today Scottish agriculture … three per cent of Scotland`s working population.
a) employ
b) employs
c) employed
d) will employ
2. The weather is suiable for both winter … spring crops.
a) but
b) and
c) but also
d) as well as
3. Sunflowers and sugar beets are the main … crops.
a) industrial
b) vegetable
c) grain
d) fruit
4. … land use has shifted significantly since Ukraine declaired independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
a) agriculturalist
b) agriculturist
c) agricultural
d) agriculture
5. About 95 per cent of Ukrainian wheat is winter wheat planted in the … and harvested during July and August of the following year.
a) spring
b) winter
c) autumn
d) summer
6. Corn is … third important feed grain in Ukraine.
a) the
b) a
c) an
d) –
7. Sunflowerseed is Ukraine`s chief … crop.
a) cottonseed
b) oilseed
c) linseed
d) soybean
8. Sugar beets … primarily in central and western Ukraine.
a) has grown
b) grows
c) is grown
d) are grown
9. In the early 1990s approximately 27% of the total land area of the United Kingdom … to crops.
a) is devoted
b) will be devoted
c) was devoted
d) had been devoted
10. Organic farming … artificial chemicals that can damage the environment and human health.
a) does not use
b) do not use
c) not uses
d) does not uses
11. In the south-east of England and the lowlands of Scotland grain, potatoes and sugar beet … .
a) growed
b) grows
c) is grown
d) are grown
12. The UK is the fourth largest … of cereal and oilseed crops in the EU.
a) producer
b) produce
c) productive
d) productivity
13. American farmers are famous all over the world … big crops.
a) of
b) for
c) about
d) in
14. The weather is suiable for both winter … spring crops.
a) but
b) and
c) but also
d) as well as
15. In 1984 there … more than 2.3 million farms in the country.
a) are
b) is
c) was
d) were
16. … the one hand it is explained by the generousity of the nature.
a) in
b) from
c) for
d) on
17. The hand work … by machines.
a) are forced out
b) is forced out
c) is forcing out
d) will be forcing out
18. They stress the big role of family farms in American history, and assure that the … corporations care only about high profit.
a) no family
b) not family
c) non-family
d) non family
19. The enormous … in the production of basic foods has created problems of oversupply in Europe and the USA.
a) increased
b) increasingly
c) decrease
d) increase
20. … most important farm crops are wheat, barley, oats, sugar beets, potatoes, and green fodder crops.
a) a
b) the
c) an
d) –
Revision Test № 14
1. Organic farming has demonstrated the … of the ecological approach.
a) validating
b) validity
c) validation
d) valid
2. Organic farmers may not grow as much corn or soybeans … their industrialized neighbours, but their costs are far lower, the soil generally richer, and their crops healthier.
a) but also
b) and
c) so
d) as
3. The peasant farms of the past … largely self-sufficient, producing just enough foodstuffs for their cultivators, with perhaps a small surplus for the local market.
a) are
b) were
c) has been
d) had been
4. The art of making land more productive … throughout the world.
a) practiced
b) practices
c) is practiced
d) practice
5. The success of American farmers is caused … the considerable investments in the agriculture and the rise of workers` qualification.
a) by
b) for
c) from
d) in
6. Due to the constant selective-breeding, the increase of productiveness and stableness of cereals … .
a) were achieved
b) was achieved
c) achieved
d) achieves
7. A hundred years ago half of the labour force … on the farms.
a) work
b) worked
c) works
d) had worked
8. In 1984 there … more than 2.3 million farms in the country.
a) are
b) is
c) was
d) were
9. Agriculture of the USA and the UK … many differences.
a) are
b) is
c) has
d) have
10. Corn is … third important feed grain in Ukraine.
a) the
b) a
c) an
d) –
11. Agriculture in Great Britain is … and highly mechanized.
a) intensify
b) intension
c) intensity
d) intensive
12. Agronomy embraces the branch of agriculture that deals … the development and practical management of plants and soils to produce food, feed, and fiber crops in a manner that preserves or improves the environment.
a) of
b) with
c) about
d) in
13. The term “agronomy” represents the disciplines of soils, … and related sciences.
a) breeds
b) cultures
c) crops
d) standards
14. In the soils area, specialties … soil microbiology, soil conservation, soil physics, soil fertility and plant nutrition, chemistry, chemistry, biochemistry and mineralogy.
a) disclose
b) exclude
c) conclude
d) include
15. Agronomists who work as soil scientists play extremely … roles in helping preserve water quality and preserve natural environment.
a) more important
b) important
c) the most important
d) an important
16. In prehistoric times, humans … from foraging to cultivating specific crops, probably wheat or barley, for their food value.
a) shift
b) were shifting
c) are shifting
d) shifted
17. This natural … eventually made these food plants better adapted to continued cultivation because they were more easily harvested.
a) choice
b) election
c) selection
d) pick
18. Molecular components of soil constituents … to determine basic interactions affecting plant growth and nutrition, and soil and water quality.
a) studies
b) study
c) is studied
d) are studied
19. More, than 40% of all agricultural production in Ukraine is grown without using of any pesticides and, as a result, Ukrainian food is the … and safely in Europe.
a) most natural
b) more natural
c) natural
d) naturalest
20. Ukraine is also famous because … corn, watermelon, tomato, apple and pear.
a) for
b) of
c) off
d) in
Revision Test № 15
1. There are problems of land degradation, technological problem, pollution of environment and … using of lands.
a) rational
b) irrational
c) rationality
d) irrationality
2. High percentage of humus (more than 7%) helped farmers to gather high harvest without any … .
a) fertility
b) fertilization
c) fertilize
d) fertilizers
3. Plowing with … did allow the colonist to farm more land but it did increase erosion and decreased soils fertility.
a) oxess
b) oxen
c) oxs
d) oxes
4. In the U.S., farms … from the colonies westward along with the settlers.
a) spread
b) spreaded
c) spred
d) spreads
5. In the early colonial south raising tobacco and cotton … common, especially through the use of slave labour until the Civil War.
a) is
b) was
c) will be
d) were
6. Soybeans were not … cultivated in the United States until the 1950s, when soybeans begen to replace oats and wheat.
a) wide
b) wild
c) wildly
d) widly
7. The largest … of grains making up 2,3% of total of farms, produce about 50% of wheat in the country.
a) manufacturers
b) manufacture
c) manufacturer
d) manufacturing
8. In 1987 the target price for wheat … $4,38 per bushel.
a) is
b) will be
c) were
d) was
9. Thus policy of support of sugar manufacturers in the advanced countries results in decrease of the producers incomes in the … advanced countries.
a) less
b) little
c) few
d) a little
10. The creation of … conditions for the manufacturers of cotton in the USA results in decrease of the incomes in Egypt and Mexico.
a) favour
b) favourable
c) favourite
d) favourer
11. Management techniques developed by agronomists … terracing, strip cropping, and reduced tillage methods to reduce soil erosion.
a) conclude
b) include
c) exclude
d) exclusion
12. GIS is also extremely … in identifying type and extent of pest infestations.
a) use
b) useless
c) usefulness
d) useful
13. Agronomists play a crucial role in assessing land quality to assure an environmentally … use of land.
a) friendly
b) friend
c) friendship
d) friendless
14. Agronomy involves selective breeding of … to produce the best crops under various conditions.
a) fish
b) birds
c) plants
d) animals
15. Plant breeding has increased crop yields and has improved the nutritional value of several crops, … corn and wheat.
a) include
b) includes
c) including
d) included
16. Agricultural soil scientists study ways to make soils more … .
a) productive
b) productively
c) productiver
d) productivity
17. Agronomists … plant and soil scientists who work to improve crops and agricultural productivity while effectively managing pests and weeds.
a) is
b) are
c) be
d) was
18. … offers excellent career opportunities for individuals with appropriate collegiate training.
a) Agronomic
b) Agrarian
c) Agronomist
d) Agronomy
19. Numerous agronomy graduates are also involved in the sale of agricultural products, which are … to today`s economy.
a) vitality
b) vital
c) vitals
d) vitalize
20. Erosion … remove all or part of the topsoil and subsoil, leaving weakly developed soil.
a) have to
b) should
c) must
d) can
Revision Test № 16
1. It may take hundreds of years to form one inch of soil from paternal material. Only the top of few inches are … in the sense being able to sustain plant growth.
a) productive
b) production
c) product
d) productivity
2. The “life” cycle of soil is influenced by at … five classic soil forming factors: regional climate, biotic potential, topography, parent material, and the passage of time.
a) lest
b) least
c) last
d) lost
3. A carrer in agronomy will keep you … the center of efforts to increase the supply of high-quality food, feed, fiber, fuel, and even pharmaceuticals while protecting and preserving the environment.
a) out
b) inar
c) on
d) under
4. Agronomists come from many different bac