Б. Бессоюзные условные предложения.
В бессоюзных условных придаточных предложениях порядок слов обратный; сказуемое или часть сказуемого, выраженные глаголами were, had, should, стоят перед подлежащим. Перевод таких предложений следует начинать с союза если бы (если) или слов будь, имей.
Лексика
Запомните следующие сочетания слов:
but for }
if it were not for }
were it not for } — если бы не
if it had not been for }
had it not been for }
Упражнение
Переведите следующие условные предложения. Объясните, почему в них может быть опущен союз:
1. Were one electron removed, a net positive charge would
be left.
2. Had the degree of evaporation been high, the salinity
of water would have been rising.
3. But for radioastronomy, we should have never made
the remarkable discoveries in the Universe.
4. There would be no increase in current at all, were it
not for a small effect of voltage.
Повторение условных предложений
Упражнение
Переведите следующие предложения в зависимости от формы сказуемого в главном и придаточном предложениях:
1. Should it be desirable to divide the powder of two
substances, several ways are possible.
2. It would be worth while investigating the substance
mentioned, provided we could get it in sufficient quantity.
3. Should your work meet these conditions, it will be of
great service to our industry.
4. Unless the cathode С is water cooled, it will overheat
and emit gases.
5. Had it not been for a large size of this body, we should
have already weighed it on our pan.
6. If a compass needle were sensitive enough, it would
swing back and forth as the waves went on.
5*131
7. But for space meteorological stations we would not be
able to observe the formation of hurricanes.
8. Provided one knows the rate of the emission, one can
determine the range of the particles.
9. If the results of their molecular weight determination
had been accredited, the concept of giant molecular structures
might have been established long before the 1930 s.
10. On Venus were it not for the horrid humid climate,
we should probably feel quite at home.
11. If atomic nuclei contain electrons, their charges should
be always whole multiples of the electronic charge.
12. Had this warning been heeded, the reaction might
have taken quite a different turn.
13. Providing that a profound change were to occur, slip
ought to take place along the direction of maximum stress.
14. When an object is dropped it seems to go faster at
least if it be large and massive.
15. If the neutron and proton had the same mass, and
if the Coulomb energy were completely negligible, there
should be a definite correlation between the energy levels
of isobars.
16. The increase in mass is so small that the whole
phenomenon might be regarded as trivial were it not for the
attention that had been directed to the very large amounts
of energy that could be made available if mass were converted
into energy on any appreciable scale.
17. If two hydrogen atoms were to collide each should
seek an additional electron.
Анализ условных предложений
С точки зрения употребления в них
Форм сослагательного наклонения
Упражнения
.
I
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на форму be:
1. If concentrated sulphuric acid be mixed with hydrogen at low temperature to prevent heating, oxygen rich in ozone is evolved.
2. If the force x be increased by the factor z all the
velocities will be increased.
II
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на употребление глагола should:
3. Should the content of this volume prove of any assistance
to the students, the author will feel amply rewarded.
4. If one is interested in further details, one of the
numerous texts in the bibliography should be consulted.
5. If all the people of the world should count the atoms
in a drop of water, they would not be able to finish their
work even in ten thousand years.
III
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на предлог but for и на случаи отсутствия союза:
6. But for the luminosity of this substance it would be
difficult to detect its properties.
7. There would be no increase in current, were it not for
a small effect of voltage upon the evaporation rate.
8. The hydrocarbon particles would have coalesced had
it not been for a layer of non-rubber constituents.
IV
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию глагола were:
9. If every star in the sky were to shine with the same
degree of brightness, the distance to any star could readily
be estimated.
10. The whole phenomenon might be regarded as trivial
were it not for the large amount of energy that could be
made available if mass were converted into energy on any appreciable scale.
11. If high energy X- or gamma-radiation were to be
measured, a measurement would have to be made of the
total dose produced by the secondary electron.