Выбор между инфинитивом и герундием.

В тех случаях, когда приходится выбирать, что употребить – инфинитив или герундий, а это касается не только приведенного списка глаголов, но и всего вопроса в целом, следует руководствоваться следующими тремя положениями:

1. Инфинитив обозначает более краткое или более конкретное проявление данного действия.

Герундий, будучи –ingформой обозначает процесс, более продолжительное и более общее проявление данного действия.

2. Инфинитив по своему происхождению связан с будущим, с направлением к цели, которую еще нужно достичь.

Герундий соответственно будет ассоциироваться с настоящим и прошлым.

3.В последнее время, как в американском, так и в британском английском языке проявляется тенденция к более широкому употреблению инфинитива за счет герундия.

 

Герундий. Инфинитив.
He began workingfor this company in1995. – Он начал работатьна эту компанию в 1995 году. He began to workan hour ago. –Он начал работать час назад.
I prefer going by air. - Я предпочитаю летать самолетом. I prefer to goby air. – Я предпочитаю лететь самолетом.
Try standing up. – Попробуй стоять. Try to stand up. – Попробуй встать.
I like his beingnice to you. – Мне нравится, что он хорошо к тебе относится. I (would) like him to benice to you. – Я хотел бы, чтобы он к тебе хорошо относился.
I propose waitingtill the doctor gets here. – Я предлагаю подождать, пока не придет доктор. I propose to starttomorrow. – Я намереваюсь начать завтра.
I regret tellingher what… - Я сожалею, что уже сказалей о том, что… I regret to sayyou that… - К сожалению, я должен сказатьвам, что…

 

Exercise 17: Insert prepositions into the gaps.Cовет: используйте для выполнения упражнения Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary в режиме «онлайн» http://www.dictionary.cambridge.org/ (введите глагол, стоящий перед герундием, в поисковую строку, в появившейся статье найдите примеры с предлогами).

1. The girls insisted ____________ going out with Jenny.

2. I am looking forward ____________ getting married soon.

3. She concentrated ____________ creating the designs and her husband on printing and merchandising them.

4. The stranger apologized ____________ calling late in the evening.

5. It was cool out and Mary felt ____________ staying at home.

6. She often complains ____________ having nightmares.

7. On a hot summer day, who doesn’t think ____________ spending the afternoon with a fishing pole?

8. He was afraid ____________ being caught by the police.

9. How many years does it take to be good ____________ playing guitar?

10. Have you ever dreamed ____________ starting a business?

 

Exercise 18: Use the words in brackets in the correct form.

1. I can’t imagine her ____________ (drive) a car.

2. He agreed ____________ (buy) his son a new CD player.

3. The problem is easy ____________ (solve).

4. The man asked me how ____________ (get) to the bank.

5. I look forward to ____________ (see) you at the weekend.

6. Are you thinking of ____________ (visit) New York?

7. We decided ____________ (stay) in that beautiful town.

8. The teacher expected Michael ____________ (study) hard.

9. He doesn’t mind ____________ (work) the night shift.

10. I learned ____________ (ride) a bike at the age of 6.

11. The girl goes on ____________ (read) the book.

 

Exercise 19: После глагола to like/ not to like герундий употребляется для выражения пристрастий или не любви к выполнению того или иного действия. Просмотрите список действий, обозначенных ниже, и скажите, что вы любите и чего не любите делать.

Например: I like meeting new people. I don't like talking on the phone for hours.

to take cold showers, to learn English grammar, to dance, to eat spicy food, to baby-sit, to jog, to watch violence on TV, to go places, to watch comedies, to get up very early, to do morning exercises.

 

Exercise 20:Using the structure of the 12th Exercise of the lesson make a short report about your university. You can do it as a presentation, ads, video report, etc.

 

You have learnt a lot about the importance and functions of the WHO. Prepare your own report about the ways and methods of eradication of various diseases. You can do it as a presentation, ads, video report, etc.

Exercise 21:Choose the correct preposition to complete each of the following sentences:

1. There is a nice lamp____________ the table.

a) between b) over c) into

2. I have found your ball. It is____________ the sofa.

a) over b) between c) under

3. Your present is____________ you. Take it!

a) above b) under c) in front of

4. Where is Tom I can’t find him. - He is standing____________ you, sir.

a) between b) behind c) under

5. I’m waiting____________ you, Tom.

a) for b)- c) to

6. Is it a book you are looking____________.

a) on b) to c) for

7. Look____________ the blackboard and answer the questions.

a) on b) at c) to

8. Put____________ your hat. It is cold today.

a) away b) off c) on

9. Let’s meet____________ 7 p.m.

a) on b) at c) to

10. There is a sofa____________ the left.

a) inb) at c) on

 

Exercise 22:Put the correct preposition to complete each of the following sentences:

1. He is away ____________ business.

2. Everything is going to be all right ____________ the end.

3. I agree with you ____________ some extent.

4. The building is ____________ fire.

5. This information is ____________ of date.

6. What did you have ____________ breakfast?

7. You talk ____________ the phone too much.

 


 
 


Lead – in

Exercise 1: Identify the jobs, things or processes shown in the pictures. Describe the subjects involved.

 

 

R Chemist’s Shop

R Kinds of Medicines

R Laboratory Technician

R Drug Production Process

Exercise 2:Match the dosage form on the left to its definition on the right:

¨ pill a A sweet liquid containing medicine taken with a spoon or a cup.
¨ ointment b A container with a liquid that is administered in spray form.
¨ solution c A small, round piece of medicine to be swallowed without chewing.
¨ syrup d Any liquid medication applied by means of a dropper.
¨ suppository e A medication on material or cloth placed on the skin.
¨ drops f A smooth oily substance that is rubbed on the skin for medicinal purposes or as a cosmetic.
¨ aerosol g A liquid in which another substance has been dissolved.
¨ patch h A solid medical preparation in a roughly conical or cylindrical shape, designed to be inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve.

 

Exercise 3: Complete the text using the words and phrases:

 

treatments anti-bacterial agents chemical substances aspirin to counter Hippocratic Oath diabetes treating penicillin the battle injection plant substances sacred laboratories medical conditions use germicide medical text describes infections drugstores