Mining and Geological Higher Education in Russia
change -v изменяться, менять(ся); syn.transform, alter;nизменение, перемена; превращение
determine -v определить, устанавливать
engineering -п техника; технология; машиностроение;syn. technics, technology, technique; machinery
composition - п структура, состав
connect - vсоединяться; syncombine, link
enterprise -nпредприятие; предприимчивость
deal (dealt)v(with) -иметь дело с; рассматривать
environment -n окружающая обстановка,среда
demand -п спрос
field -п область, сфера деятельности; поле, участок, месторождение; бассейн; synbasin, branch
design -п проект; план, чертеж; конструкция; v проектировать, планировать; конструировать
graduate -v окончить (высшее учебное заведение),амер. окончить любое учебное заведение; n лицо, окончившее высшее учебное заведение; undergraduate (student) -студент последнего курса; postgraduate (student) -аспирант; graduation paper -дипломная работа
hardware - n аппаратура, (аппаратное) оборудование, аппаратные средства; техническое обеспечение
hydraulic - а гидравлический, гидротехнический
introduction - n введение, вступление
management - n управление, заведование; syn. administration; direction
offer - v предлагать (помощь, работу); предоставлять; п предложение
property - n свойство
protection - п защита, охрана
range - n область, сфера; предел; диапазон; радиус действия; ряд; серия
recreation - п отдых, восстановление сил; развлечение
reveal - v показывать, обнаруживать
rock - п горная порода
shape - n форма
software - n программное обеспечение; программные средства
skill- n мастерство; умение; skilled -а квалифицированный; опытный; умелый
survey - n съемка, маркшейдерская съемка; v производить маркшейдерскую или топографическую съемку, производить изыскания; п surveyingсъемка, маркшейдерские работы
value -n ценность, стоимость; величина; v ценить, оценивать; valuableа ценный workshop - n мастерская, цех; семинар
to be of importance -иметь значение
to give an opportunity of -дать возможность
to meet the requirements -удовлетворять требованиям (потребности)
In Russia young people get mining education at special institutes which train geologists and mining engineers for coal and ore mining. The total number of students of an institute includes full-time students, part-time students and postgraduate students.
Russian higher educational establishments offer different specializations for the students. Thus, at the geological institutes, the students specialize in geology, the science which deals with different problems connected with the Earth, its history, the study of rocks, their physical and chemical properties. One of the main tasks of geology is to prospect, discover and study the deposits of useful minerals.
Geology is both a theoretical and an applied science. Mining geology is of great importance to the mining engineer. As a rule, mining geology includes economic geology.
The outstanding Russian geologist V.A. Obruchev says that geology is the science of the Earth which reveals to us how the Earth took shape, its composition and its changes. Geology helps prospect for ores, coal, oil, salt and other useful minerals.
Higher mining schools (universities, academies, institutes and colleges) develop a wide range of courses and programmes that meet the requirements of the society .They offer courses in mining technology, machinery and transport, hydraulic engineering, electrical engineering, industrial electronics, automation, surveying, geodesy, information technology, etc.
The main trend in the development of higher mining education is the introduction of courses in environmental protection, management (environmental human resources), economics and management of mining enterprises, marketing studies, computer-aided design (CAD) and others.
Computer science is also of great importance. The course aims at providing students with understanding how software and hardware technology helps solving problems.
Laboratory work is an important part in training specialists. Experiments in laboratories and workshops will help students to develop their practical skills. They have a short period of field work to gain working experience.
The students go through practical training at mines, plants and other industrial enterprises.. They become familiar with all stages of production and every job from worker to engineer. Here they get practical knowledge and experience necessary for their diploma (graduation) papers.
A lot of students belong to students' scientific groups. They take part in the research projects which their departments usually conduct. Postgraduates carry out research in different fields of science and engineering.
Sport centres give the students opportunities to play different sports such as tennis, football, basketball, volleyball, swimming, ' skiing, water polo, boxing, wrestling and others.
Students graduate from mining and geological higher schools as mining engineers, mining mechanical engineers, ecologists, mining electrical engineers, geologists, economists and managers for mining industry.
1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. Where can one get mining education in Russia?
2. What does geology study?
3. How did Obruchev define (определять) geology?
4. Does geology deal only with prospecting for useful minerals?
5. What specializations does the Mining Institute offer?
6. What subjects do the students study?
7. Where do the students go through practical training?
8. What does the computer course aim at?
9. Do the students play sports?