Early Painting and Drawing Programs
КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ПРАКТИЧНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ
з дисципліни «Англійська мова» на тему:
“Graphics Software”
Виконав:
студент групи КН-21
Оприсак Ігор
Перевірила:
доц. Штохман Л.М.
Тернопіль 2016
Plan
1. History
2. Types of graphics software
a) Raster graphics
b) Vector graphics
3. Developments
4. Software today
5. Color pattents
6. File formats
7. Vocabulary
8. Bibliography
GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
Graphics are pictures, still and moving, such as illustrations, photographs, animations, and films. In 1963 Ivan Sutherland, a graduate student at MIT, created the first graphics program for small computers. Sketchpad, which ran on a minicomputer and used a light pen to draw lines on a screen, was the first of a long line of graphics software programs that have revolutionized commercial and, to some extent, noncommercial illustration and design.
Early Painting and Drawing Programs
In the early days of personal computing, software developers created two types of programs for producing computer graphics. Computer graphics is the creation and processing of images (pictures, drawings, etc.) using the computer. There are two ways to create the subject of images - raster and vector and, correspondingly, two kinds of computer graphics - raster and vector.
Raster graphics image has composed of colored dots (pixels) which together form the pattern. Bitmap resembles a sheet of paper in the box, where each cell is painted with some color. In life we often find images, assembled from separate elements: stained glass consists of multiple glass pieces, the embroidery of the individual stitches, photo - pellets of silver.
Bitmap-based or raster image-based graphics programs, commonly called painting programs, allowed users to create pictures by changing the pixels, or picture elements, on the screen from white to black. Object-based or vector-based graphics programs, commonly called drawing programs, allowed users to construct pictures by creating, editing, and combining mathematically defined geometric shapes.
Eventually, color and grayscale versions of both painting and drawing programs were developed. Each bitmap has a specific number of pixels horizontally and vertically. These two numbers describe the size of the picture. The size of the image in pixels is recorded as: the number of horizontal pixels X number of pixels (number of rows of pixels) vertically. For example, for Windows typical the size of the display screen in pixels 640x480, 1024x768, 1240х1024. Obviously, the more the number of pixels it contains horizontally and vertically at the same geometry of the figure, the higher the quality of the playback picture. In addition to size, pattern is also characterized by the color of each pixel. Thus, to create or save bitmap, you must specify its dimensions and the color of each pixel.
A pixel by itself has no size. The information that the picture has a size of 640x480, says nothing about its true size. Figure gaining geometrical dimensions only in the case of output to a display screen or printer. These dimensions depend on the resolution of the device, which is measured by the number n In vector graphics the image is constructed using mathematical descriptions of objects, such as line, circle, rectangle. These simple objects are called primitives. They help to create more complex objects.To create objects-primitives in vector graphics using simple commands like: Draw a line from point A to point B or Draw a circle of radius a with center at the point Bxav that are displayed per unit length or width of the screen.
Vector graphics are fully exploits all the benefits of the resolution of that particular device, which displays a picture. Vector commands simply tell the output device that you want to draw an object of a given size, using as many points as possible. In other words, the more dots will be able to use the device to create the object, the better it will look.
Early painting programs were great for free-form sketching, but because of their low resolution, corresponding to the limited dot-per-inch (dpi) resolutions of computer screens, they tended to produce work with a jagged, or pixelated, look along slopes or curves.