The Lexico -Grammatical classification of Nouns
Мойсова, Ольга Борисовна.
М74 Практическая грамматика первого иностранного языка (английский): учеб. пособие / О.Б. Мойсова. – Ростов н/Д: Издательский центр ДГТУ, 2016. – 294 с.
ISBN 978-5-7890-1158-4
Учебное пособие включает в себя теоретический грамматический материал и практические упражнения.
Грамматические навыки закрепляются при помощи разнообразных упражнений, рассчитанных на развитие речевой активности студентов.
Предназначено для студентов 1 курса специальности «Перевод и переводоведение», изучающих дисциплину «Практическая грамматика первого иностранного языка» (английский) в рамках модуля «Практический курс первого иностранного языка».
УДК 811.111’36(075.8)
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета
Донского государственного технического университета
Научный редактор
канд. филол. наук, доц. В.В. Панкова
© Мойсова О.Б., 2016
Оглавление / Contence
| 1. ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧАСТИ РЕЧИ/ PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SPEECH…… | ||
| 1.1. | Существительное/ Noun…………………………………… | |
| 1.2. | Артикль/Article………………………………………………….. | |
| 1.3. | Прилагательное / Adjective……………………………….. | |
| 1.4. | Местоимение / Pronoun……………………………………. | |
| 1.5. | Числительное / Numeral……………………………………. | |
| 1.6. | Наречие / Adverb……………………………………………… | |
| 2. ГЛАГОЛ /VERB………………………………………………………………… | ||
| 2.1. | Морфологическая структура глагола. Основные формы глагола /Morphological structure. Basic forms………………………………………………………………… | |
| 2.2. | Система видовременных форм глагола в активном залоге / Active voice tenses…………………………. | |
| 2.3. | Пассивный залог / Passive voice tenses………………. | |
| 2.4. | Модальные глаголы / Modal verbs……………………. | |
| 3. НАКЛОНЕНИЕ / MOOD…………………………………………………….. | ||
| 3.1. | Виды наклонений. Условное наклонение / Types of Mood. Conditional Mood…………………………………. | |
| 4. НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА/ NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERBS……………..…………………………………………………. | ||
| 4.1. | Инфинитив / Infinitive……………………………………….. | |
| 4.2. | Герундий / Gerund……………………………………………. | |
| 4.3. | Причастие / Participle………………………………………… |
1. ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧАСТИ РЕЧИ/
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SPEECH
1.1. Существительное/Noun
The Lexico -Grammatical classification of Nouns
Nouns are words that denote things in the broadest sense of the word:living beings,objects,abstruct notions,places, processes, events,etc. understood as things: John, lion, beauty, street, etc.
Depending on their semantic and grammatical properties nouns fall into Common and Properones. They can be countable and uncountable.
There are different groups ofcommonnouns:classnouns, collectivenouns,nouns ofmaterialandabstractnouns.
1. Class nouns denote persons or things belonging to a class: Car, house, man. They are countable and have two numbers: singular and plural.
2. Collective nouns denote a number or collection of similar individuals or things as a single unit.
Collective nouns are divided into following groups:
· Which are used only in the singular/ furniture, foliage, machinery, etc/
· Which are used only in plural / trousers, clothes, stairs, etc./
· Which are used in both numbers /family, company, crowd, etc/
3. Nouns of materialdenote material: iron, gold, paper, tea, water. They are uncountable and are generally used without any article.
Nouns of materialare used in the plural to denote different sorts of a given material: wines – сорта вин.
Nouns of materialmay turn into class nouns (thus becoming countable) when they come to express an individual object of definite shape: But the person in the glass made a face at her, and Miss Moss went out.
4. Abstractnouns denote some quality, state, action or idea: kindness, sadness, fight.
Abstractnouns may be countable / idea, answer, question, etc./, uncountable/ knowledge, love, friendship, etc./ and used only in plural/ tidings, earnings/
Abstractnouns may change their meaning and become class nouns. This change is marked by the use of the article and of the plural number:
Beauty a beauty beauties
sight a sight sights
She was a beauty… but she isn't one of those horrid regular beauties.
Proper nouns are individual, names given to separate persons or things.
Proper nouns are divided into:
· personal names (Bill, Anny),
· geographical names (The Pacific Ocean, The Neva)
· and other proper names such as the names of the months and of the days of the week (February, Monday), names of ships, hotels, clubs, etc. (The Titanic, Piccadilly)