Find synonyms of the following words
Costs ________________
Deal _______________
Dispute ________________
Immediately ______________
Exact ________________
Transaction ______________
Sporadically ______________
Modern _______________
Ground ______________
Accurate ______________
Up-to-date _________________
Discussion _______________
Land __________________
Expenses _______________
Find antonyms of the following words
Informal _______________
Start _________________
Unfortunately _________________
Finish __________________
Partner _______________
Enemy _______________
Formal ________________
Fortunately _______________
Make up sentences using verbs
To control, to establish, to improve, to assist, to use, to undertake, to find, to connect, to consider, to make, to promote, to increase, to protect, to allocate, to rely.
5. Fill in with prepositions
1.A land use planner undertakes different roles ... different countries.
2. Modern technology can offer new possibilities ... lower the costs ... cadastral reforms.
3. A parcel can be an area ... land with a particular type ... land use.
4. Land registration is the official recording ... legally recognized interests ... land.
5. Cadastre helps ... avoid duplication.
Make questions to bald word combinations
1. A land use planner plays different roles in different countries.
2. A surveyor is responsible for recording cadastral information.
3. Computer technologyoffers better access to information.
4. Limit of trained personnel restricts the use of modern technology.
5. Aerial photography and photogrammetry offer new possibilities to lower the costs for cadastral reforms.
Fill in gaps with the correct form of the verb
1. A land use planner ____ different roles in different countries (to undertake).
2. Modern survey instruments ____ new possibilities (to offer).
3. The Cadastre ____ in the management of land and land use (to assist).
4. The Cadastre ____ different forms of land tenure (to record).
5. A successful Cadastre ____ reliable information at low cost (to provide).
Answer the questions
1. What is а Cadastre?
2. What role does a land use planner play in different countries?
3. What is a land use planner responsible for?
4. Can computer technology provide better access to information?
5. Is it necessary to make careful investigation for cadastral reforms?
6. What kind of modern technology do you know?
7. Why should the Cadastre be managed by the government?
8. Is Cadastral Reforms concerned with the improvement of cadastral systems?
Unit V. WATER: THE ELIXIR OF LIFE
1. Question time: discuss the following question
“What would our planet be like if it were not for water?”
2. Read the text and find the following information.
1) Water created life on the Earth.
2) Water as a common thing on the planet.
3) Water possesses a high heat capacity.
4) Water’s latent heat of melting and evaporation is extremely high.
THE SUBSTANCE TO WHICH OUR PLANET
OWES ITS EXISTENCE
When an astronomer trains his telescope at one of the planets neighboring the Earth, he always wonders about the presence of water and oxygen there. His interest is quite natural: should they exist in any quantity on the planet life there might be expected somehow to resemble ours. It is water that brought our Earth into existence, developed it to its present state, and created life. Above all these, water is the most wonderful substance on the Earth and the more we learn about it the more marvel at it. Hardly anybody has ever speculated on the remarkable properties of water, and no wonder: we encounter water everywhere, it is a common thing on our planet. Three quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, with about one fifth of the land covered with solidified water (ice and snow); clouds of water vapor and tiny drops always shroud a good half of that land, where there are not clouds water – vapor is always present in the air. That is how common water is on our planet: it constitutes as much as 71% of the human body. And common things are never regarded as wonderful. No other substance is more abundant on the Earth and none occurs in three states at the same time: solid, liquid and gaseous.
Water has conditioned the Earth’s climate. But for water our planet would have cooled long ago and all life would have disappeared. Water possesses a high heat capacity. When warmed it absorbs much heat, and cooling it loses it. Oceans, seas and other reservoirs on our planet, as well as atmospheric vapor act as heat accumulators: in warm weather they absorb heat, and when it is cold they give it off, so warming the air and all surrounding the space.
Water has one more extraordinary characteristic: its latent heat of melting and evaporation is extremely high. It is only due to this that life is possible in a hot climate. Only by evaporating water (i.e. giving off a large amount of heat) can animals and men maintain their body temperature several degrees lower than that of the ambient atmosphere. The role of water in nature is unique because life would be impossible without it. Life originated in primeval seas from the substances dissolved in them. Ever since then chemical reactions have been occurring in every cell of all animals and plants between the dissolved substances. Perhaps the least known among remarkable properties of water is its ability to form an extremely strong mutual action of molecules in the upper most layers. Its surface tension is strong enough support things which seemingly should not float.