ОБРАЗЦЫ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ЗАДАНИЙ

Образец выполнения задания № 1

The world’slongest railway is — theTrans-Siberianline. — Самая длинная в мире железная дорога — это Транссибирская магистраль.

World’s-окончание ‘s’ — притяжательный падеж существительного.

Образец выполнения задания № 2

The Oktyabrskaya Railway is the oldest railway in Russia. - Октябрьская железная дорога - самая старая линия в России.

The oldest - превосходная степень прилагательного old.

Образец выполнения задания № 3

The Museum o fBritishTransport inLondon tells the story of transport in Britain. –Музей британского транспорта в Лондоне рассказывает историю транспорта Британии.

Tells - рассказывает, настоящее неопределенное время глагола totell.

The Museum of British Transport in London doesn’t tell the story of transport in Britain.

Вариант № 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “s” и какова функция этого окончания (множественное число существительного, притяжательный падеж существительного, 3 лицо единственного числа глагола настоящего неопределенного времени). Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.

1.The design of modern freight cars ensures safety.

2. The growth of goods traffic and train speeds requires higher

standards of track facilities.

3.We visited all Moscow’s railway terminals last summer.

II. Перепишитеипереведите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1. The heaviest rails are used in the main line tracks of the railroads.

2. Diesel traction can give some advantages, but the gas turbine

will be more compact and lighter

3. Russia has a greater length electrified lines than any other country.

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите видовременную форму глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Сделайтеэтипредложенияотрицательными.

1. I saw a man who was standing on the platform.

2. The conductor is cleaning the compartment now.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Cast Iron Rails.

Cast iron rails were first suggested by A.S.Yartsef, manager of the Alexander Gun Works in Petrozavodsk. The first railway with cast iron rails was constructed in 1788. It was 173.5 m. long and was to meet the needs of the works. Another line with cast iron rails was constructed in the Altai Mountains by engineer R.K.Frolov in 1809. Its length was 1,867 m. Its technical equipment was much superior of all the equipment of all railways built in the Urals at that time.

The rails Frolov used were elliptical instead of being angular. It was on that railway that the graphic method of timing train movement was first applied and it was Frolov who did it.

castiron- чугун

to meet the needs- удовлетворять потребности

Вариант № 2

1.The London’s Metro is the oldest in the world.

2.The cars made in Russia are of high quality.

3.On a passenger train conductor collects tickets and looks after

passengers’ comfort.

II. Перепишитеипереведите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1.Leningradsky railway terminal, the oldest, is more than one hundred

years old.

2.Gravel is known to be the best kind of ballast.

3.The gas turbine will be much less expensive to maintain and will

operateon cheaper fuels.

1.This railway is very important because it connects distant parts

of the country.

2. The train is approaching the station now.

IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

The Operation of Trains.

The work of a freight yard is very difficult and requires much time. We must use technical aids to facilitate this work.

The telephone system is only one aspect of telecommunication. Another one is the loudspeaker system for giving information at stations, which plays an important part in passenger traffic. Radio is also essential in the modern freight yard. It helps car inspectors to save their time. If a car inspector finds a car requires repair, he can ask other inspector for help by radio. Television is finding application on railways too. It helps to check the cars appear on the television screen.

So we see that radio, telephone and television make job of the railroad workers easier and more efficient.

Вариант № 3

1.It is very important to simplify the problem of running trains.

2.A train loses too much time because of delays and stops.

3.The computer’s electronic memory have been introduced

on railways of many countries.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1.Longer rails increase the comfort of passengers..

2.The more we learn about the work of train dispatcher, the better

we understand its importance.

3. The best site for a station generally is near the centre of a town.

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите видовременную форму глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Сделайте эти предложения отрицательными.

1.The railroads equipped many trains with automatic control.

2. The workers will be washing the cars in the coach all day tomorrow.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

The Railway Track.

The railway track differs from other kinds of roads. It has a raised track for its cars and locomotives. Some railways have two or several tracks. On each track all trains usually move in one direction. In order to make trains pass from one track to another there is a switch. It is a necessary part of the track.

The distance between the rails is called the “gauge” of the railroad. Railway rails differ in size and weight. We use the heaviest rail on trunk lines. These lines carry the largest volume of freight and passenger traffic.

Ballast is also a very important element in track construction.

trunk line – магистральная линия

Вариант № 4

I. Перепишитеследующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “s” и какова функция этого окончания (множественное число существительного, притяжательный падеж существительного, 3 лицо единственного числа глагола настоящего неопределенного времени). Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.

1.On rainy days the ballast lets the water drain away quickly

without weakening the track.

2.Radio helps car inspectors to save their time.

3. Frolov’s rails were elliptical instead of being angular.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1.The work of a freight yard is very difficult and requires much time.

2.This car is much more comfortable than that one.

3. As broken granite is the most suitable material, it is used for ballast.

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите видовременную форму глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Сделайте эти предложения отрицательными.

1.The railway needs thousands of skilled workers.

2. Thetrain was approaching the platform when we came to the station.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Length of Rails.

The length of rails varies considerably in various countries. The rail joint is the weakest part of the track structure and railways have to use long rails as possible. A limiting factor is the transportation of rails. Rails have to be such length that they may be carried in the longest standard wagons. Very long rails cannot be handled by manual labour and special handling devices, such as cranes, are necessary. Longer rails increase the comfort of passengers.

Now the rails are welded together after laying. Eight welded rails can be laid per day. Many countries are carrying out investigations of welding processes. Long welded rails are now widely used in every country of the world.

to handle - грузить

handling device – погрузочно-разгрузочноеустройство

Вариант № 5

I. Перепишите следующиепредложения.Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “s” и какова функция этого окончания (множественное число существительного, притяжательный падеж существительного, 3 лицо единственного числа глагола настоящего неопределенного времени). Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.

1. The buttons to show the train route are located on the dispatcher’s

control panel.

2. The cars made in Russia are of high quality.

3. Being divided into divisions, the railway handles the traffic

moreefficiently.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1.This line is longer than that one.

2. The faster the cars are loaded the quicker will goods be delivered

to the place of their destination.

3.This modern hump yard is much more efficient than that one.

III.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите видовременную форму глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Сделайтеэтипредложенияотрицательными.

1. The railwaymen are laying down a new line now.

2. The dispatcher compiled the time-table last week.

IV.Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Computers for Railways

In recent yearscomputers have been employed to plan train work,control traffic,mechanize ticket office and various accounting operations.They also draft schedules,marshal trains,calculate traction,distribute freight along various routesand do many other things involving the processing of numerous data.For thispurpose,a special computation centre has been set up in Moscow and in other cities.

Electronic computers are used at the Research Institute of Railway

Transport.Besides being used for research, these computers are also made to tackle current problems of the railway stations and junctions.

Radio communication systems have become common in controlling the work of railways from top to bottom.

processing – обработка

tackle – заниматься чем -либо

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