Подберите к английским словам и словосочетаниям из текста рус-ские эквиваленты
| A | B | ||
| 1) battery | a) деликт, гражданское правонарушение | ||
| 2) defendant | b) совершить деликт | ||
| 3) products liability | c) преследоваться по суду | ||
| 4) to be sued | d) причинить ущерб кому-либо | ||
| 5) automobile accident | e) потерпевший | ||
| 6) plaintiff | f) случайно | ||
| 7) malpractice | g) иметь право на получение судебной за- | ||
| 8) negligence | щиты | ||
| 9) assault | h) денежное возмещение | ||
| 10) restraining order | i) запретительный судебный приказ | ||
| 11) to be entitled to rem- | j) предъявить иск | ||
| edies | k) истец | ||
| 12) premises liability | l) ответчик, обвиняемый, подсудимый |
| 13) slander | m) небрежность |
| 14) to commit a tort upon | n) дорожно-транспортное происшествие |
| smb. | o) ответственность за помещение |
| 15) fraud | p) недобросовестная практика, врачева- |
| 16) libel | ние в нарушение закона |
| 17) invasion of privacy | q) ответственность производителя (перед |
| 18) fraudulent act | потребителем за качество товара) |
| 19) to inflict an injury | r) диффамация |
| upon smb. | s) устная клевета |
| 20) monetary compensa- t) клевета письменная или через печать | |
| tion | u) нарушение неприкосновенности лич- |
| 21) accidentally | ной жизни |
| 22) defamation | v) нанесение ударов, побоев, избиение |
| 23) to bring a lawsuit | w) обман, мошенничество |
| 24) tort | x) обманное, мошенническое действие |
| 25) injured person | y) нападение, словесное оскорбление и |
| 26) intentionally | угроза физическим насилием |
z) намеренно, умышленно
Составьте словосочетания из приведенных ниже существительных
и прилагательных.
1) civil a) damages
2) contractual b) wrong
3) injured c) misrepresentation
4) fraudulent d) party
5) medical e) relations
6) monetary f) expenses
Дополните предложения словосочетаниями из упражнения 3.
1. While a crime such as murder or shoplifting is a wrong committed against society, a tort is a… committed against an individual.
2. Torts are handled in the civil courts, where the … brings an action against the wrongdoer.
3. In most cases, the injured party is entitled to remedies under the law, such as … .
4. In medical malpractice cases, the damages awarded to the injured party may include lost wages and … .
5. The tort of … occurs when one of the parties to a contract makes a false statement about a fact and knows it is not true, and this fact is acted upon.
6. When a person stops parties from entering into a contract, for example, this person is said to interfere in … .
Cоставьте предложения, используя приведенные ниже словосоче-тания.
To commit a tort upon smb., to do under the circumstances, to result from, to result in, to fall into, to deal with, to sue for, to deter from, to be awarded for, to be remedied by.
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
1. According to the text, what are the two main objectives of Tort
law?
2. An injured party can sue for damages or for an injunction. According to the text, what types of loss can be compensated by an award for damages?
3. What does the term “injunction” mean?
4. A manufacturer produces a dangerous toy train. What category of tort is this?
TEXT 2
Types of Torts
Прочитайте текст. Ознакомьтесь с приведенными ниже граждан-скими правонарушениями и определите, какому из описаний в тексте они соответствуют.
Malpractice
Assault and battery
Products liability
Fraud
Premises liability
Automobile accidents
7. Defamation/invasion of privacy
There are a number of different types of torts. Here is a short list of the most common.
1. These types of torts involve all of the personal injuries one can receive in an automobile accident. Generally, one driver causes an accident which injures (or sometimes kills) others (e.g. his passengers, people in another automobile or pedestrians).
2. These types of torts involve injuries one can receive from the condition of a particular parcel of property, mostly due to the failure of
the property owner to keep the condition of the property in a safe condition. Two common examples of these types of torts include (i) a “slip and fall” accident and (ii) an injury one receives from a crime committed on another’s property (e.g. being mugged or assaulted in a private parking garage where the owner of the garage knew that people were getting mugged all the time — and did nothing to prevent further muggings).
3. These types of torts involve injuries one can receive due to the mistake of a licensed professional (i.e. a doctor, a lawyer or a dentist). Generally, these types of torts require the “expert” testimony of a professional (e.g. another doctor in a medical malpractice case).
4. These types of torts involve injuries one can receive from a “product” such as a machine, medical device or a prescription drug. The injured person must prove that the product in question was improperly designed, constructed or packaged without the proper regard for the damage it could cause to a human being.
5. These types of torts involve injuries one can receive from something another says or writes which is untrue, malicious and/or private. These defamation torts include (i) slander (spoken word), (ii) libel (written word) and (iii) invasion of privacy (making something public which was and should have remained very private).
6. These types of torts generally involve one person physically attacking another person. These are also sometimes called “intentional torts” to distinguish them from most other torts (which usually involve an accident resulting from another’s mistake or lack of care).
7. This is also another type of intentional tort. This involves one person lying, misrepresenting or concealing an important piece of information from another person in order to get that other person to do or refrain from doing something. In short, a plaintiff is tricked by the fraudulent act of the defendant.
Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What are the types of torts?
2. How do you understand the “slip and fall” type of accident?
3. People of what professions can be accused of malpractice?
4. What is the difference between slander and libel?
5. How do intentional torts differ from most other torts?
6. What type of tort does misrepresenting or concealing information be-long to?
7. What type of tort does physically attacking a person belong to?
TEXT 3