Прочитайте незнакомые слова перед прослушиванием текста.

dough – деньги (сленг)

spend yourself in a hole – слишком много тратить

sky-high – очень дорогой

2. Прослушайте текст «A Student Credit Card» (для прослушивания кликните один раз на приведенную ниже ссылку, удерживая клавишу «Ctrl», после загрузки страницы нажмите на кнопку проигрывателя).

Ссылка для прослушивания: http://esl-lab.com/credit/creditcardrd1.htm

Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. According to the conversation, which item did the woman NOT purchase with her credit card?

A. a digital camera

B. a TV

C. a stereo

2. What is one reason to explain why the woman obtained a student credit card?

A. She wants to buy things at a discount using the card

B. She hopes to establish a good credit rating

C. She doesn't want to borrow from her parents

3. According to the man, what is one reason for NOT having a credit card?

A. People generally have a difficult time getting out of debt

B. Students often apply for more credit cards than they need

C. The interest rates on student cards are very high

4. What does the woman imply about how she plans on resolving her credit card problems?

A. She hopes that someone will give her the money

B. She plans on getting rid of her student credit cards

C. She is going to return the items she purchased on the card

5. What is the man going to do for the woman to help her manage her money?

A. help her find a better paying job to cover her expenses

B. teach her how to prepare a financial management plan

Выразите свою точку зрения.

1. Imagine you are a Chief Financial Officer of an airline company. What main income and expenses of your company budget can you innumerate?

2. Do you plan your personal budget / family budget? What are the usual items of your budget?

3. Do you often use a credit card to buy goods? Why / Why not? Are credit cards popular in Russia?

При ответе используйте фразы:

Part 3

Напишите письмо-жалобу используя нижеприведенные задания. Используйте раздел «Полезные фразы для написания письма» приведенный в конце пособия.

You bought a lap-top computer. In three months your computer broke down but you have a warranty period of one year. You gave in the computer to the Service Department. You were promised to get your computer ready within 2 weeks but in 2 months you still did not get your lap-top computer. Write complain letter to the company Computer International for Mr. Stratton.

Unit 6

Part 1

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Monetary policy

Monetary policy rests on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy, that is, the price at which money can be borrowed, and the total supply of money. Monetary policy uses a variety of tools to control one or both of these, to influence outcomes like economic growth, inflation, exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. Where currency is under a monopoly of issuance, or where there is a regulated system of issuing currency through banks which are tied to a central bank, the monetary authority has the ability to alter the money supply and thus influence the interest rate (to achieve policy goals). The beginning of monetary policy as such comes from the late 19th century, where it was used to maintain the gold standard.

A policy is referred to as contractionary if it reduces the size of the money supply or increases it only slowly, or if it raises the interest rate. An expansionary policy increases the size of the money supply more rapidly, or decreases the interest rate. Furthermore, monetary policies are described as follows: accommodative, if the interest rate set by the central monetary authority is intended to create economic growth; neutral, if it is intended neither to create growth nor combat inflation; or tight if intended to reduce inflation.

There are several monetary policy tools available to achieve these ends: increasing interest rates by fiat; reducing the monetary base; and increasing reserve requirements. All have the effect of contracting the money supply; and, if reversed, expand the money supply. Since the 1970s, monetary policy has generally been formed separately from fiscal policy. Even prior to the 1970s, the Bretton Woods system still ensured that most nations would form the two policies separately.

Within almost all modern nations, special institutions (such as the Federal Reserve System in the United States, the Bank of England, the European Central Bank, the People's Bank of China, and the Bank of Japan) exist which have the task of executing the monetary policy and often independently of the executive. In general, these institutions are called central banks and often have other responsibilities such as supervising the smooth operation of the financial system.

The primary tool of monetary policy is open market operations. This entails managing the quantity of money in circulation through the buying and selling of various financial instruments, such as treasury bills, company bonds, or foreign currencies. All of these purchases or sales result in more or less base currency entering or leaving market circulation.

Usually, the short term goal of open market operations is to achieve a specific short term interest rate target. In other instances, monetary policy might instead entail the targeting of a specific exchange rate relative to some foreign currency or else relative to gold. For example, in the case of the USA the Federal Reserve targets the federal funds rate, the rate at which member banks lend to one another overnight; however, the monetary policy of China is to target the exchange rate between the Chinese renminbi and a basket of foreign currencies.

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